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Long-term effects from early exposure to research: Evidence from the NIH 'Yellow Berets'

机译：早期接触研究的长期影响：来自NIH'Ellow Berets的证据

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摘要

Can a relatively short but intense exposure to frontier research alter the career trajectories of potential innovators? To answer this question, we study the careers and productivity of 3075 medical school graduates who applied to the Associate Training Programs (ATP) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) during the turbulent period of the Vietnam War, 1965-1975. Carefully selecting on observables, we compare physicians who attended the program to those who passed a first admission screen but were ultimately not selected. We find that program participants were twice as likely to choose a research-focused position after training, and considerably less likely to switch to purely clinical endeavors as their careers unfolded. Over the life cycle, NIH trainees also garnered publications, citations, and grant funding at a much higher rate than synthetic controls, and went on to mentor more trainees who themselves became successful researchers. The direction of their research efforts was durably imprinted by their training experience. In particular, NIH trainees appear to have acquired a distinct "translational" style of biomedical research which became an implicit training model for physician-scientists as ATP alumni came to occupy the commanding heights of academic medicine throughout the United States.
机译：可以相对较短但强烈地接触前沿研究改变潜在创新者的职业轨迹？为了回答这个问题，我们研究了3075名医学院毕业生的职业和生产力，他们在越南战争的动荡期间申请了国家卫生研究院（NIH）的副培训计划（NIH），1965-1975。仔细选择可观察到，我们比较将该计划的医生与第一个入院屏幕的人进行比较，但最终未被选择。我们发现计划参与者在训练后选择专注于研究的职位的可能性是两倍，并且随着他们的职业生涯展开，可能会减少纯粹的临床努力。在生命周期中，NIH学员还以比合成控制更高的速度获得了出版物，引用和补助金额，并继续使用自己成为成功研究人员的培训人员。他们的研究努力的方向被他们的培训经验持久印象。特别是，NIH学员似乎已经获得了一种独特的“翻译”生物医学研究，成为医生 - 科学家的隐含训练模式，因为ATP校友来占据整个美国学术医学的指挥高度。

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