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Respiratory health risk assessment of children living close to industrial areas in Indonesia

机译：印度尼西亚工业区附近儿童呼吸道健康风险评估

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Industrial areas are considered to have higher risk of air pollution impact especially to children living close to the industry. Two separate industrial areas in Indonesia were compared. The first location was in the area of coal transportation activity in South Kalimantan, and the second location was in the area of Bogor, West Java where used battery processing industry was often found. Fifty children (boys and girls, aged 6-15 years) were involved in South Kalimantan whereas in West Java there were 48 children (boys and girls, aged 10-12 years) involved. The control groups were also studied in both areas. Predicted average daily intake (ADD) of respirable particulate was estimated and respiratory function was measured using spirometer. The study showed that the PM2.5 concentration in industrial area was 3 times higher than those found in the control location. As a result, the predicted ADD of particulate of children living close to industry in South Kalimantan was 25.45±10.55 μg/kg.day whereas in West Java, the ADD was 1.5 times higher. For both studied area, boys' respirable particulate intake was shown to have higher intake than those in girls. Lung function of children revealed that more than 68% of children in the coal transportation area had decreased pulmonary function. The study also noted that some children in West Java had indicated an obstructive and restrictive respiratory condition. The risk of girls having mild lung disease was found to be 1.3 times greater than those in the control group whereas in boys, the risk was 1.9 times than those in control area. Respiratory function of children in West Java study area was considered to worsen by the higher Pb emission from used battery processing activity.
机译：工业区被认为具有较高的空气污染风险，特别是对于居住在该行业附近的儿童。比较了印度尼西亚的两个独立工业区。第一个地点在南加里曼丹省的煤炭运输活动地区，第二个地点在西爪哇的茂物地区，该地区经常发现废旧电池加工业。南加里曼丹有50名儿童（男孩和女孩，年龄在15至15岁之间），而在西爪哇，有48名儿童（男孩和女孩，年龄在10至12岁之间）。还在这两个领域对对照组进行了研究。估计可吸入颗粒物的预计平均每日摄入量（ADD），并使用肺活量计测量呼吸功能。研究表明，工业区的PM2.5浓度比对照地区高3倍。结果，在南加里曼丹，接近工业生活的儿童的预计颗粒物日均添加量为25.45±10.55μg/ kg.day，而在西爪哇省则为1.5倍。在两个研究区域中，男孩的可吸入颗粒物摄入量均高于女孩。儿童肺功能显示，煤炭运输地区超过68％的儿童肺功能下降。该研究还指出，西爪哇的一些儿童表现出阻塞性和限制性呼吸道疾病。发现女孩患有轻度肺部疾病的风险比对照组高1.3倍，而男孩则比对照组高1.9倍。西爪哇研究区儿童的呼吸功能被认为是由于废旧电池加工活动中较高的铅排放而恶化的。

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