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Human exposures to bisphenol A: mismatches between data and assumptions

机译：人类对双酚A的暴露：数据与假设之间的不匹配

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摘要

Human exposure to bisphenol A (BPA), a synthetic estrogen found in numerous consumer products, is widespread. However, scientific knowledge about the sources and routes of exposure remains incomplete. Although human biomonitoring studies report small amounts of bioactive BPA in the blood of most subjects, toxicokinetic models suggest that circulating levels should be undetectable. The conflict between reported data and toxicokinetic models has spurred considerable debate, with some suggesting that data from analyses of human blood should be dismissed in their entirety. This review addresses the assumptions used by previous risk assessment panels regarding the sources and routes of exposure to BPA (specifically, that BPA exposures occur solely via a few dietary sources) and how these assumptions have affected the interpretation of BPA studies. Given new experimental evidence that route of exposure influences BPA pharmacokinetics, we consider the implications of basing regulatory decisions on limited data that have provided incomplete information about the products that contain this chemical and how it enters the body. We also address evidence that challenges the assumption that humans metabolize BPA rapidly enough to result in undetectable levels in blood and therefore determine that there is a possibility of harm from current exposure levels. Our conclusions are consistent with the large number of hazards and adverse effects identified in laboratory animals exposed to low doses of BPA.
机译：人类接触双酚A（BPA）（一种在许多消费产品中发现的合成雌激素）的情况很普遍。但是，关于接触的来源和途径的科学知识仍然不完整。尽管人类生物监测研究报告说，大多数受试者的血液中都有少量的生物活性BPA，但毒物动力学模型表明循环水平应该不可检测。报道的数据与毒物动力学模型之间的冲突引起了广泛的争论，有人认为应将人类血液分析的数据全部删除。这篇综述阐述了以前的风险评估小组关于接触BPA的来源和途径所使用的假设（特别是BPA接触仅通过一些饮食来源发生），以及这些假设如何影响了BPA研究的解释。有了新的实验证据表明接触途径会影响BPA药代动力学，我们考虑基于有限数据制定监管决定的含义，这些数据无法提供有关含有该化学物质的产品及其如何进入人体的不完整信息。我们还讨论了证据，这些证据挑战了人类迅速代谢BPA导致血液中无法检测到的BPA的假设，因此确定当前的暴露水平可能会造成伤害。我们的结论与暴露于低剂量BPA的实验动物中发现的大量危害和不利影响一致。

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