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Review of Regulatory Emphasis on Transportation Safety in the United States, 2002-2009: Public versus Private Modes

机译：2002-2009年美国交通安全法规重点回顾：公共与私人模式

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The U.S. Department of Transportation is responsible for implementing new safety improvements and regulations with the goal of ensuring limited funds are distributed to where they can have the greatest impact on safety. In this work, we conduct a study of new regulations and other reactions (such as recalls) to fatal accidents in several different modes of transportation implemented from 2002 to 2009. We find that in the safest modes of commercial aviation and bus transport, the amount of spending on new regulations is high in relation to the number of fatalities compared to the regulatory attention received by less safe modes of general aviation and private automobiles. Additionally, we study two major fatal accident investigations from commercial aviation and two major automotive recalls associated with fatal accidents. We find differences in the cost per expected fatality prevented for these reactions, with the airline accident investigations being more cost effective. Overall, we observe trends in both the automotive and aviation sectors that suggest that public transportation receives more regulatory attention than private transport. We also observe that the types of safety remedies utilized, regulation versus investigation, have varying levels of effectiveness in different transport modes. We suggest that these differences are indicative of increased public demand for safety in modes where a third party may be held responsible, even for those not participating in the transportation. These findings have important implications for the transportation industry, policymakers, and for estimating the public demand for safety in new transport modes.
机译：美国运输部负责实施新的安全改进措施和法规，以确保将有限的资金分配到对安全影响最大的地方。在这项工作中，我们对2002年至2009年实施的几种不同运输方式中的致命事故的新法规和其他反应（例如召回）进行了研究。我们发现，在最安全的商业航空和公共汽车运输方式中，与死亡人数相比，新法规的支出比例较高，而通用航空和私家车的安全性较差的法规所引起的法规关注却更高。此外，我们研究了民航业的两次重大致命事故调查以及与致命事故相关的两次重大汽车召回事件。我们发现，针对这些反应预防的每位预期死亡人数的成本存在差异，而航空事故调查更具成本效益。总体而言，我们观察到汽车和航空领域的趋势表明，公共交通比私人交通受到更多的监管关注。我们还观察到，在不同的运输方式下，所采用的安全补救措施的类型（法规与调查）在有效性方面存在差异。我们建议，这些差异表明，在第三方可能承担责任的方式下，即使对于那些不参与运输的人，公众对安全性的需求也在增加。这些发现对运输业，政策制定者以及估计公众对新运输方式对安全的需求具有重要意义。

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