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SYNTHESIS REPORT ON FLOODS AND DROUGHTS

机译：粮食和毒品综合报告

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This article presents the results of field studies conducted in selected river basins of Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Pakistan to study the socio-economic vulnerability to floods and droughts. The vulnerability to extreme events is high in developing economies characterized by the predominance of the primary sector, inadequate infrastructure. To analyze the impacts of extreme events on developing South Asian nations, the field studies concentrate on selected hotspots in flood prone river basins of Bangladesh, India and Nepal, and drought prone river basins of India and Pakistan. The objective of the survey has been to assess the disaster-prone regions' socio-economic character, vulnerability to drought and flood, measures adopted to cope with the impacts and identify the policies needed to improve the coping capacity of the affected stakeholders. Predominance of rural societies with high incidences of poverty and low literacy rates characterizes almost all the hotspots. Agriculture and livestock rearing are the two most important occupations across the hotspots. Cultivation of flood/drought resistant crops, storing of food grains, medicines, fodder and other essentials, saving for contingencies, loans, migration, extra labour work, sale of livestock and other assets, etc. are some of the common adaptation practices. Government and NGO relief programmes are also available in varying degrees across countries. Some of the policies identified by stakeholders that will strengthen the coping capacities of the regions are insurance schemes; better loan facilities; irrigational facilities; access to safe drinking water; improved calamity resistant agricultural inputs, public distribution schemes, infrastructure and relief works.
机译：本文介绍了在孟加拉国，印度，尼泊尔和巴基斯坦的部分流域进行的田野研究的结果，以研究遭受洪水和干旱的社会经济脆弱性。在发展中经济体中，极端事件的脆弱性很高，其特征是第一产业占主导地位，基础设施不足。为了分析极端事件对发展中南亚国家的影响，实地研究集中在孟加拉国，印度和尼泊尔易发洪水的流域以及印度和巴基斯坦易发干旱的流域的选定热点。该调查的目的是评估易受灾地区的社会经济特征，干旱和洪水的脆弱性，为应对影响而采取的措施并确定提高受影响的利益相关者应对能力所需的政策。贫困率高，识字率低的农村社会占主导地位，几乎是所有热点地区的特征。农业和畜牧业是整个热点地区的两个最重要的职业。常见的适应措施包括耕作，抗旱作物的耕作，粮食谷物，药品，饲料和其他必需品的储存，应急费用的储蓄，贷款，移民，额外的劳动，牲畜和其他资产的出售等。各国也不同程度地提供政府和非政府组织的救济计划。利益相关者确定的一些可以增强地区应对能力的政策是保险计划；更好的贷款便利；灌溉设施；获得安全的饮用水；改进抗灾农业投入，公共分配计划，基础设施和relief灾工作。

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