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首页> 外文期刊>Science, Technology and Human Values >'Opening Up' and 'Closing Down': Power, Participation, and Pluralism in the Social Appraisal of Technology
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'Opening Up' and 'Closing Down': Power, Participation, and Pluralism in the Social Appraisal of Technology

机译：“开放”与“失败”：技术社会评价中的权力，参与和多元化

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摘要

Discursive deference in the governance of science and technology is rebalancing from expert analysis toward participatory deliberation. Linear, scientistic conceptions of innovation are giving ground to more plural, socially situated understandings. Yet, growing recognition of social agency in technology choice is countered by persistently deterministic notions of technological progress. This article addresses this increasingly stark disjunc-ture. Distinguishing between "appraisal" and "commitment" in technology choice, it highlights contrasting implications of normative, instrumental, and substantive imperatives in appraisal. Focusing on the role of power, it identifies key commonalities transcending the analysis/participation dichotomy. Each is equally susceptible to instrumental framing for variously weak and strong forms of justification. To address the disjuncture, it is concluded that greater appreciation is required-in both analytic and participatory appraisal-to facilitating the opening up (rather than the closing down) of governance commitments on science and technology.
机译：科学技术治理中的话语尊重正从专家分析转向参与式审议。线性的，科学的创新概念正在为更多的，社会定位的理解奠定基础。然而，技术进步的持续确定性观念与对社会代理在技术选择中的日益认可相抵触。本文介绍了这种日益明显的分离。区分技术选择中的“评估”和“承诺”，强调了评估中规范，工具和实质要务的对比含义。着眼于权力的作用，它确定了超越分析/参与二分法的关键共性。每个人同样容易受到工具框架的影响，从而形成各种形式的弱辩证。为了解决这种分歧，可以得出结论，在分析性评估和参与式评估中都需要更大的赞赏，以促进对科学技术治理承诺的开放（而不是结束）。

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