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首页> 外文期刊>South Asian Journal of Global Business Research >Investigating the glass ceiling phenomenon: An empirical study of glass ceiling's effects on selection-promotion and female effectiveness
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Investigating the glass ceiling phenomenon: An empirical study of glass ceiling's effects on selection-promotion and female effectiveness

机译：研究玻璃天花板现象：玻璃天花板对选择促进和女性效能影响的实证研究

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摘要

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to identify hurdles in women's rise up the organizational ladder through the epistemic concept of the glass ceiling phenomenon. The secondary aim is to determine how the glass ceiling effect results in women's failure to secure equal representation in high-ranking executive positions in comparison to males. The study intends to come up with empirical evidences to advance plausible justifications and support for the organizations to manage their workforce with the sense of egalitarianism. Design/methodology/approach - The questionnaire is administered to a sample of 210 respondents including CEOs, directors, managers, assistants, accountants, doctors and teachers from public and private sectors. The variables that influence the glass ceiling phenomenon are gender (female) represented on the board of directors (BODs), stereotypical behavior and training and development of females to measure the glass ceiling effect. Further, this influence is examined regarding the selection and promotion of the females as candidates, as well as female effectiveness at work. To verify the glass ceiling phenomenon, multiple linear regression analyses with the ordinary least square method are used. Findings - Drawing on the perspective of the social role theory, the authors identify plausible causes of the glass ceiling phenomenon in the Asian context. The results show the presence of glass ceiling, particularly characterizing its effects on the selection and promotion of the female candidates and their effectiveness. The authors found that glass ceiling was negatively related to both female effectiveness and "selection and promotion." It was also identified that research variables such as lesser women's representation on the BODs, training and development and stereotypical attitude toward women promote glass ceiling. Research limitations/implications - The larger sample and data collection from different cultures would have assured more generalizability. The glass ceiling is affected by numerous variables; other factors can also be explored. Practical implications - Organizations must consider competitive females in their selection and promotion decision making. Asian countries, especially developing countries such as Pakistan, need to develop policies to encourage active participation of the female workforce in upper echelon. The equal employment policies will reduce the dependency ratio of females, consequently driving the country's economic growth. Social implications - Societies need to change their stereotype attitudes toward women and encourage them to use their potential to benefit societies by shattering glass ceilings that continue to place women at a disadvantage. Developing a social culture that advances women empowerment will contribute to social and infrastructure development in Asian countries. Originality/value - This paper adds a thought-provoking attitude of organizations in South Asia, especially in Pakistani societies that play a role in creating a glass ceiling, more so to shatter it even in 2016. This study compels firms in Pakistan and other Asian regions to use unbiased practices by investigating the impact of glass ceiling on female effectiveness that has not previously been conducted in the Asian context. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the study of glass ceiling in Pakistani context is first in the literature.
机译：目的-本文的目的是通过玻璃天花板现象的认知概念来确定女性在组织提升中的障碍。第二个目的是确定玻璃天花板效应如何导致女性无法确保与男性相比在高级行政职位上享有平等的代表权。该研究旨在提供经验证据，以提出合理的理由，并支持各组织以平均主义的意识来管理其劳动力。设计/方法/方法-问卷是针对210位受访者的样本进行的，包括来自公共和私营部门的CEO，董事，经理，助理，会计师，医生和教师。影响玻璃天花板现象的变量包括董事会（BOD）中所代表的性别（女性），刻板印象的行为以及女性对玻璃天花板效果的培训和发展。此外，在选择和晋升女性候选人以及女性工作效率方面，研究了这种影响。为了验证玻璃天花板现象，使用了采用普通最小二乘法的多元线性回归分析。研究结果-作者基于社会角色理论的观点，确定了亚洲背景下玻璃天花板现象的合理原因。结果表明玻璃天花板的存在，特别是其对女性候选人的选择和晋升及其效果的影响。作者发现，玻璃天花板与女性效能和“选择与晋升”都负相关。还确定了研究变量，例如妇女在董事会上的代表人数减少，培训和发展以及对妇女的陈规定型态度，会导致玻璃天花板增加。研究的局限性/意义-来自不同文化的更大的样本和数据收集将确保更具普遍性。玻璃天花板受众多变量的影响。也可以探索其他因素。实际意义-组织在选择和晋升决策时必须考虑具有竞争力的女性。亚洲国家，特别是巴基斯坦等发展中国家，需要制定政策，鼓励女性劳动力积极参与上层梯队。平等的就业政策将减少女性的抚养比，从而带动该国的经济增长。社会影响-社会需要改变对妇女的陈规定型观念，并鼓励他们发挥自己的潜力，通过打破玻璃天花板来继续使妇女处于不利地位，从而使社会受益。发展能够增强妇女权能的社会文化将有助于亚洲国家的社会和基础设施发展。原创性/价值-本文增加了南亚组织的发人深省的态度，尤其是在创建玻璃天花板方面发挥作用的巴基斯坦社会，甚至在2016年都打破了这一观点。这项研究迫使巴基斯坦和其他亚洲国家的公司通过调查玻璃天花板对女性有效性的影响，亚洲地区可以采用无偏见的做法，这在亚洲范围内是前所未有的。据作者所知，在巴基斯坦范围内对玻璃天花板的研究是文献中的第一项。

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