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Gender, electricity access, renewable energy consumption and energy efficiency

机译：性别，电力接入，可再生能源消耗和能源效率

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摘要

Access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy, and increase in women empowerment and participation in decision-making/politics are core to the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations (UN). The UN nevertheless emphasizes that without women in politics the attainment of the SDGs would seriously be endangered. We consider an aspect of this by examining the effect of women in politics (percentage of seats held by women in national parliaments) on access to electricity, renewable energy consumption and energy intensity (efficiency). Using data from 36 African countries and the System GMM, the results show that increase in seats held by women in national parliaments is positively associated with increase in access to electricity and energy efficiency. The effect of increasing women parliamentarians on renewable energy consumption, though positive, is only marginally significant. Considering that issues of energy in Africa are centered on politics and governance, we account for the interaction between quality of governance and women in politics. The results indicate that, generally, good governance moderates the effect of women in parliament on access to electricity, renewable energy consumption and energy efficiency. The results largely remain robust to sub-sample analyses and different measures of access to electricity and energy efficiency.
机译：获得经济实惠，可靠，可持续和现代能源，以及赋予妇女权力的增加和参与决策/政治是核心联合国（联合国）的可持续发展目标（SDG）。然而，联合国不再强调，没有妇女在政治上的妇女那里得到了严重的危害SDG。我们通过审查妇女在政治（国家议会持有的席位百分比）上进行电力，可再生能源消耗和能源强度（效率）来审查这一点的一个方面。结果，使用来自36个非洲国家和系统GMM的数据，结果表明，国家议会持有的妇女席位的增加与电力和能源效率的增加的增加有关。增加妇女议员对可再生能源消费的影响，虽然积极，但只是略微意义。考虑到非洲能源问题以政治和治理为中心，我们考虑了治理质量与政治妇女之间的互动。结果表明，一般性地，良好的治理会使妇女在电力，可再生能源消耗和能源效率获得议会中的效果。结果在很大程度上对子样本分析和不同措施的电力和能效措施仍然很稳健。

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