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Methodological approaches to conducting pilot and proof tests on reverse-osmosis systems: Results of comparative studies

机译：进行反渗透系统中试和验证测试的方法学方法：比较研究的结果

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摘要

When designing large-scale water-treatment plants based on reverse-osmosis systems, it is proposed to conduct experimental-industrial or pilot tests for validated simulation of the operation of the equipment. It is shown that such tests allow establishing efficient operating conditions and characteristics of the plant under design. It is proposed to conduct pilot tests of the reverse-osmosis systems on pilot membrane plants (PMPs) and test membrane plants (TMPs). The results of a comparative experimental study of pilot and test membrane plants are exemplified by simulating the operating parameters of the membrane elements of an industrial plant. It is concluded that the reliability of the data obtained on the TMP may not be sufficient to design industrial water-treatment plants, while the PMPs are capable of providing reliable data that can be used for full-scale simulation of the operation of industrial reverse-osmosis systems. The test membrane plants allow simulation of the operating conditions of individual industrial plant systems; therefore, potential areas of their application are shown. A method for numerical calculation and experimental determination of the true selectivity and the salt passage are proposed. An expression has been derived that describes the functional dependence between the observed and true salt passage. The results of the experiments conducted on a test membrane plant to determine the true value of the salt passage of a reverse-osmosis membrane are exemplified by magnesium sulfate solution at different initial operating parameters. It is shown that the initial content of a particular solution component has a significant effect on the change in the true salt passage of the membrane.
机译：当设计基于反渗透系统的大型水处理厂时，建议进行工业实验或中试，以验证设备的运行情况。结果表明，这种测试可以建立有效的运行条件和所设计工厂的特性。建议对中试膜装置（PMP）和测试膜装置（TMP）进行反渗透系统的中试测试。通过模拟工业工厂的膜元件的运行参数，可以举例说明中试和测试膜工厂的对比实验研究结果。结论是，在TMP上获得的数据的可靠性可能不足以设计工业水处理厂，而PMP则能够提供可靠的数据，可用于工业反向运行的全面模拟。渗透系统。测试膜设备可以模拟单个工业设备系统的运行条件；因此，显示了它们的潜在应用领域。提出了一种用于真实选择性和盐通过率的数值计算和实验确定的方法。已经得到表达描述观察到的和真实的盐通过之间的功能依赖性的表达。在测试膜装置上进行的确定反渗透膜盐通过的真实值的实验结果以硫酸镁溶液在不同的初始操作参数下为例。已经表明，特定溶液组分的初始含量对膜的真实盐通过量的变化具有显着影响。

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