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Home-deliveries before-during COVID-19 lockdown: Accessibility, environmental justice, equity, and policy implications

机译：在Covid-19锁定期间的家庭交付：可访问性，环境司法，股权和政策影响

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摘要

During the COVID-19 lockdowns, home deliveries have changed from being a desirable luxury or comfortable solution to a health-supporting and essential service for many COVID-19 at-risk populations. However, not all households are equal in terms of access to home deliveries. The onset of COVID-19 has brought to light access inequalities that preceded the pandemic and that the COVID-19 lockdown has exacerbated and made visible. The concept of home-based accessibility (HBA) is introduced, and novel research questions are addressed: (i) What type of households had zero home deliveries before COVID-19 lockdown? (ii) How the COVID-19 lockdown affected the type of households that receive home deliveries? and (iii) What are the implications of no access to home delivery services in terms of equity and environmental justice? To answer the first two questions, exploratory and confirmatory models with latent variables are estimated utilizing data collected from an online survey representative of the population in the Portland metropolitan region. Policy and environmental equity implications are discussed using the concept of home-based accessibility (HBA). The results indicate that traditionally underserved populations are less likely to benefit from home-based delivery services and that COVID-19 has worsened home delivery inequalities for underserved populations.
机译：在COVID-19 lockdowns，在家分娩已经从一个理想的奢侈品或舒适的解决方案，为众多COVID-19高危人群健康，支持和必要的服务改变。然而，并不是所有的家庭都接入家庭分娩的条件相同。 COVID-19的发病带来了在先于该流行病，而且COVID-19锁定加剧并取得可见光获得方面的不平等。以家庭为基础的无障碍（HBA）的概念引入，和新的研究问题得到解决：前COVID-19锁定（一）什么类型的家庭有零个送货上门？ （二）如何COVID-19锁定影响接收在家分娩的家庭类型？及（iii）什么是得不到送货上门服务，公平和环境正义方面的影响？要回答前两个问题，探索性和验证模型与潜在变量估计利用从一项网上调查代表的人口在波特兰大都市地区收集的数据。政策和环境公平的影响是使用基于家庭的可访问性（HBA）的概念进行讨论。结果表明，传统不足的人群不太可能从家庭为基础的交付服务效益和COVID-19有不足的人群恶化送货上门的不平等。

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