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Sharing costs in Swedish road ownership associations

机译：在瑞典道路所有权协会中分担费用

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摘要

Usually transport systems, and roads in particular, are viewed as public goods. However this is not always the case. In Sweden a large part of the road system is privately owned, Most of these privately owned roads are rural roads used by farmers and summer cottage owners, or used for forest transport. These roads are mainly provided by ownership associations.An important difference between public roads and these privately owned roads is that all investments- and maintenance decisions are made by the users themselves, who also have to pay the costs, whereas the usual case is that the owners/providers of a road-system are different agents than the users. Here the question is not how to charge the roads but how to split the costs of the roads among the users in an efficient and "fair" way.The motivation of this paper is the practical problem of how such an ownership association can divide the costs for the road network among the members in an efficient and "fair" way. The problem is treated from a game theoretical point of view, making use ol the Shapley value. This means that the problem is associated with a game - a mathematical representation of the conflict situation. The Shapley value is a very important solution concept for cooperative games, like the game in this case. For games corresponding to this specific type of problems, it is shown that the Shapley value has excellent properties, such as beeing an element of the core, and beeing very easy to compute.
机译：通常，运输系统，特别是道路，被视为公共物品。然而，这并非总是如此。在瑞典，道路系统的很大一部分是私人拥有的，这些私人拥有的道路大多数是农民和夏季农舍业主使用的乡村道路，或用于森林运输的乡村道路。这些道路主要由所有权协会提供。公共道路与这些私有道路之间的重要区别是，所有投资和维护决策均由用户自己决定，而用户也必须支付费用，而通常情况是道路系统的所有者/提供者与用户是不同的代理。这里的问题不是如何收费，而是如何以有效和“公平”的方式在用户之间分配道路成本。本文的动机是这样的所有权协会如何划分成本的实际问题。成员之间以有效和“公平”的方式建立道路网络。从游戏理论的角度出发，利用Shapley值处理该问题。这意味着问题与游戏有关-冲突情况的数学表示。 Shapley值对于合作游戏（例如本例中的游戏）而言是非常重要的解决方案概念。对于与这种特定类型问题相对应的游戏，表明Shapley值具有出色的属性，例如，成为核心元素，并且非常容易计算。

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