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Effects of high-speed rail and air transport competition on prices, profits and welfare

机译：高速铁路和航空运输竞争对价格，利润和福利的影响

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摘要

This paper investigates the effects of competition between air transport and high-speed rail (HSR). While airlines are assumed to maximize profit, HSR may maximize a weighted sum of profit and social welfare. We show that both airfare and HSR fare fall as the weight of welfare in the HSR's objective function increases, while airfare decreases, and rail fare increases, in the airport access time. Furthermore, airfare decreases in rail speed if the impact of HSR marginal cost with respect to rail speed is not too large. On the other hand, whether rail fare increases in rail speed depends not only on the HSR marginal cost but also on the weight of welfare. We further compare prices, profits and welfare between "with price discrimination" in which airlines price discriminate business from leisure passengers, and "without price discrimination". Welfare in the HSR system can be either higher or lower with price discrimination: In particular, it is higher under price discrimination when the difference of gain from travel is sufficiently larger than the time value difference between business and leisure passengers. Finally, a numerical study on China's markets is conducted in which both price and schedule frequency are considered as decision variables.
机译：本文研究了航空运输与高铁（HSR）之间竞争的影响。虽然假定航空公司可以使利润最大化，但高铁可以使利润和社会福利的加权总和最大化。我们显示，在机场到达时间，高铁目标函数中福利的权重增加时，机票和高铁票价均会下降，而机票价格会下降，铁路票价会有所上升。此外，如果高铁边际成本对轨道速度的影响不太大，则机票价格会降低。另一方面，铁路票价是否会提高铁路速度不仅取决于高铁边际成本，也取决于福利的分量。我们进一步比较了“有价格歧视”和“无价格歧视”之间的价格，利润和福利。高铁系统中的福利受价格歧视的影响可以更高或更低：特别是在价格歧视的情况下，当旅行收益的差额足够大于商务和休闲乘客之间的时间价值差时，福利就更高。最后，对中国市场进行了数值研究，其中价格和进度频率均被视为决策变量。

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