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Ride-hailing, travel behaviour and sustainable mobility: an international review

机译：乘车，旅行行为和可持续移动：国际审查

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A discussion of the sustainability and travel behaviour impacts of ride-hailing is provided, based on an extensive literature review of studies from both developed and developing countries. The effects of ride-hailing on vehicle-kilometres travelled (VKT) and traffic externalities such as congestion, pollution and crashes are analysed. Modal substitution, user characterisation and induced travel outputs are also examined. A summary of findings follows. On the one hand, ride-hailing improves the comfort and security of riders for several types of trips and increases mobility for car-free households and for people with physical and cognitive limitations. Ride-hailing has the potential to be more efficient for rider-driver matching than street-hailing. Ride-hailing is expected to reduce parking requirements, shifting attention towards curb management. On the other hand, results on the degree of complementarity and substitution between ride-hailing and public transport and on the impact of ride-hailing on VKT are mixed; however, there is a tendency from studies with updated data to show that the ride-hailing substitution effect of public transport is stronger than the complementarity effect in several cities and that ride-hailing has incremented motorised traffic and congestion. Early evidence on the impact of ride-hailing on the environment and energy consumption is also concerning. A longer-term assessment must estimate the ride-hailing effect on car ownership. A social welfare analysis that accounts for both the benefits and costs of ride-hailing remains unexplored. The relevance of shared rides in a scenario with mobility-as-a-service subscription packages and automated vehicles is also highlighted.
机译：基于对发达国家和发展中国家的研究的广泛的文献综述，提供了对乘车的可持续性和旅行行为的影响。分析了乘车对车辆公里的影响（VKT）和交通外部性，如拥堵，污染和崩溃等交通外部。还检查了模态替代，用户表征和诱导的旅行输出。表明摘要随之而来。一方面，骑行伴随着提高了骑手的舒适性和安全性，以增加几种类型的旅行，并增加了无汽车家庭的移动性，以及具有身体和认知局限的人的流动性。骑行者对骑车者的匹配具有比街道的驾驶员匹配更有效。预计骑行船舶将减少停车要求，对遏制管理的关注转移。另一方面，乘坐乘车和公共交通工具之间的互补性和替代程度以及对VKT上的骑行的影响进行了混合;然而，有更新数据的研究趋势表明，公共交通的乘车替代效果比几个城市的互补效果强，而且乘车的交通和拥堵率递增。关于乘车对环境和能源消耗的影响的早期证据也有关。长期评估必须估算对汽车所有权的骑行效果。社会福利分析，涉及骑行伴侣的福利和成本仍未开发。还突出显示共享游乐设施在具有Mobility-AS-Service订阅包和自动车辆的情况下的相关性。

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