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Assessing the representativeness of a smartphone-based household travel survey in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

机译：评估坦桑尼亚达累斯萨拉姆基于智能手机的家庭旅行调查的代表性

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The household travel survey (HTS) finds itself in the midst of rapid technological change. Traditional methods are increasingly being sidelined by digital devices and computational power—for tracking movements, automatically detecting modes and activities, facilitating data collection, etc.. Smartphones have recently emerged as the latest technological enhancement. FMS is a smartphone-based prompted-recall HTS platform, consisting of an app for sensor data collection, a backend for data processing and inference, and a user interface for verification of inferences (e.g., modes, activities, times, etc.). FMS, has been deployed in several cities of the global north, including Singapore. This paper assesses the first use of FMS in a city of the global south, Dar es Salaam. FMS in Dar was implemented over a 1-month period, among 581 adults chosen from 300 randomly selected households. Individuals were provided phones with data plans and the FMS app preloaded. Verification of the collected data occurred every 3 days, via a phone interview. The experiment reveals various social and technical challenges. Models of individual likelihood to participate suggest little bias. Several socioeconomic and demographic characteristics apparently do influence, however, the number of days fully verified per individual. Similar apparent biases emerge when predicting the likelihood of a given day being verified. Some risk of non-random, non-response is, thus, evident.
机译：家庭旅行调查（HTS）处于快速的技术变革之中。传统方法越来越被数字设备和计算能力所局限，如跟踪运动，自动检测模式和活动，促进数据收集等。智能手机最近已成为最新的技术增强。 FMS是基于智能手机的提示召回HTS平台，由用于传感器数据收集的应用程序，用于数据处理和推理的后端以及用于验证推理（例如模式，活动，时间等）的用户界面组成。 FMS已在包括新加坡在内的全球北部多个城市部署。本文评估了FMS在全球南部城市达累斯萨拉姆的首次使用。从300个随机选择的家庭中选出的581名成年人中，在Dar实施了FMS计划，历时1个月。为个人提供了带有数据计划的电话，并且预装了FMS应用。每三天通过电话采访对收集的数据进行验证。实验揭示了各种社会和技术挑战。个人参与可能性的模型表明几乎没有偏见。显然有几个社会经济和人口特征确实会产生影响，但是，每个人经过充分验证的天数。当预测给定日期被验证的可能性时，也会出现类似的明显偏差。因此，存在一些非随机，无响应的风险。

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