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Supporting small-scale dairy farmers in increasing milk production: evidence from Morocco

机译：支持小规模奶农增加牛奶产量：摩洛哥的证据

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摘要

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of technical support provided to five small-scale cattle farms in the Tadla irrigation scheme (Morocco) on their milk yield. The first stage consisted of assessing the initial management of dairy herds, especially feeding strategies, and their effects on milk output. This diagnosis revealed major gaps between the existing and the potential milk yield, due to insufficient and imbalanced dietary rations. Based on this diagnosis, technical support was adapted to the reality of each farm by regularly adjusting the dietary rations to the production potential of lactating cows using available feed resources. The production potential of either pure Holstein or crossbred cows was based on the herd’s physiological status and its genetic merit. Results showed that milk production could be rapidly improved by balanced dietary rations that enabled the average milk yield of lactating cows to be reached, while optimising feed costs and reducing the cost of milk production. Providing technical support to dairy farms should have a significant impact on overall milk production at different scales (irrigation scheme, plant supply area, national production) while alleviating the poverty of small-scale farmers. It would require the involvement of farmers’ organisations such as milk collection co-operatives to replace services provided by the State, which is currently withdrawing from extension activities.
机译：这项研究旨在评估在塔德拉灌溉计划（摩洛哥）中向五个小型养牛场提供的技术支持对其牛奶产量的影响。第一阶段包括评估奶牛群的初始管理，尤其是喂养策略，以及它们对牛奶产量的影响。该诊断表明，由于日粮配比不足和不平衡，导致现有和潜在的牛奶产量之间存在重大差距。基于此诊断，通过使用可用的饲料资源定期根据泌乳牛的生产潜力调整日粮配比，使技术支持适应每个农场的实际情况。纯荷斯坦奶牛或杂种奶牛的生产潜力是基于牛群的生理状况及其遗传优势。结果表明，通过均衡的日粮配比可以快速提高产奶量，从而达到泌乳母牛的平均产奶量，同时优化饲料成本并降低产奶成本。为奶牛场提供技术支持应该在不同规模（灌溉计划，植物供应地区，国民生产）上对总体奶产量产生重大影响，同时减轻小规模农民的贫困。这将需要牛奶收集合作社等农民组织的参与，以取代国家目前正在退出推广活动的国家提供的服务。

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