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Experimental study on normal fault rupture propagation in loose strata and its impact on mountain tunnels

机译：松散地层正常断裂破裂扩展及其对山区隧道影响的试验研究

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Understanding earthquake fault rupture propagation is important in building and lifeline engineering, especially in the construction of mountain tunnels. Thus, studying rupture propagation in strata and tunnel failure with fault displacement is significant. For this purpose, an experiment has been designed to simulate normal fault displacements with different dip angles. The influence of normal faults on tunnels has been observed by examining the rupture and strata deformation and analyzing the shear zone, tunnel stain, position, and forms of tunnel cracks. The results show that more than one strata rupture appears when the normal fault moves, and at least one rupture reaches the ground surface as the vertical fault dislocation is approximately 4.4% of the covering depth. In general, those ruptures form an inverted triangle zone in which strata deform significantly. The range of the rupture shear zone increases as the fault dip angle decreases. Strata-tunnel -fault can be considered as a beam on an elastic foundation. The lining of the tunnel in the hanging wall and shear zones is subjected to sagging, and that in the foot wall zone is subjected to hogging. Failure modes appear to change with fault dip angle. The lining damage form is flexure failure occurring mainly in the foot wall with the circumferential cracks, when the dip angle is 75 degrees. When the dip angle is 60 degrees and 45 degrees, the failures are caused by a combination of flexure and shear both in the shear and foot wall zones with a lot of circumferential and diagonal cracks. Furthermore, to guide design work reasonably, the calculation method in determining the weak parts of the tunnel and feasible reinforcement measures are discussed. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
机译：了解地震断层破裂的传播在建筑和生命线工程中非常重要，尤其是在山区隧道的建设中。因此，研究具有断裂位移的地层破裂传播和隧道破坏具有重要意义。为此，设计了一个实验来模拟具有不同倾角的法向断层位移。通过检查断裂和地层变形并分析剪切带，隧道污点，位置和隧道裂缝形式，可以观察到正常断层对隧道的影响。结果表明，当正常断层运动时，会出现多于一个的地层破裂，并且由于垂直断层错位约为覆盖深度的4.4％，至少有一个破裂到达地面。通常，这些破裂形成一个倒三角形区域，其中地层会明显变形。断裂剪切角的范围随着断层倾角的减小而增加。地层隧道断层可以看作是弹性地基上的梁。悬壁和剪力区中的隧道衬砌会下垂，而在底壁区中的隧道衬砌则会发生翘曲。故障模式似乎随故障倾角而变化。当倾角为75度时，衬里损坏形式是挠曲破坏，主要发生在具有周向裂缝的脚壁中。当倾角为60度和45度时，破坏是由于剪切和底壁区域中弯曲和剪切的结合以及周向和对角裂纹很多而引起的。此外，为合理指导设计工作，讨论了确定隧道薄弱部位的计算方法和可行的加固措施。 （C）2015年由Elsevier Ltd.出版

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