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Understanding water-society nexus: insights from Turkey's small-scale hydropower policy

机译：理解水社会关系：土耳其小规模水电政策的见解

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摘要

Turkey's recent venture involving the construction of hundreds of small-scale hydropower projects is a significant trend, both in regard to its contribution to Turkey's hydroelectricity production and the social and environmental impact of these projects at the local level. Turkey's hydropower policy was premised on a conventional understanding of water driven by science, technology, and the market. This approach, however, does not seem to have paid sufficient attention to the socio-ecological characteristics of water. Developing policies from a solely technical perspective creates political, economic, and cultural inequalities that adversely affect the social and ecological realm. Hence, this paper attempts to deconstruct the design, execution, and aftermath of Turkey's small-scale hydropower policy through the lens of the hydro-social cycle. We aim to explain various dimensions of Turkey's small-scale hydropower program in a conceptual framework that merges the concept of the hydro-social cycle with patterns of distributive environmental justice. We find that state-led, techno-centric and market-oriented approaches to water instrumentalize a rhetoric of justice in order to justify the development of small-scale hydropower ventures. Our analysis, however, demonstrates Turkey's small-scale hydropower policy falls short of delivering on its promise of distributive justice in three relevant dimensions, namely the distribution of burdens and benefits, vulnerabilities, and responsibilities at local level.
机译：从对土耳其水电生产的贡献以及这些项目对地方社会和环境的影响来看，土耳其最近涉及数百个小型水电项目建设的风险投资是一个重大趋势。土耳其的水电政策以对科学，技术和市场推动的水的常规理解为前提。但是，这种方法似乎并未对水的社会生态特征给予足够的重视。仅从技术角度制定政策会造成政治，经济和文化上的不平等现象，从而对社会和生态领域产生不利影响。因此，本文试图通过水社会循环的视角来解构土耳其小规模水电政策的设计，执行和后果。我们旨在在概念框架中解释土耳其小规模水电计划的各个方面，该框架将水社会循环的概念与分布式环境正义的模式相结合。我们发现，以国家为主导，以技术为中心和以市场为导向的水利工具化了正义的言论，以证明发展小型水电企业的合理性。然而，我们的分析表明，土耳其的小规模水电政策未能在三个相关方面实现其分配正义的承诺，即在地方一级分配负担和收益，脆弱性和责任。

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