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Institutional arrangements for integrated river basin management

机译：流域综合管理的体制安排

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This paper considers the institutional arrangements that are needed and that being developed to enable communities to depart from sectoral and isolated water management in order to reach a higher level of integration. Key aspects are described that should be properly handled to manage river basins as a whole and in an integrated way. The justification for various countries to opt for systems of integrated river basin management is explored. Triggers for change are identified: the need for integrated water management on hydrological boundaries; the added value of functional decentralisation enabling decision making at the lowest appropriate level; stakeholder participation in decision making and water resources planning; and cost recovery and water pricing. Ongoing developments in processes of change are identified and described. A comparative assessment is carried out between the situation in Zimbabwe, South Africa, Tanzania, Turkey, Indonesia, France and The Netherlands. A common denominator of institutional arrangements is determined, from which developing countries in particular could benefit with regard to the introduction and establishment of systems of integrated river basin management. Sample competencies for effective functioning of river basin and sub-basin organisations are identified and described. Platforms of stakeholders with clear rules for representation and for participation in decision making in water resources planning are identified as crucial tools and described. In order to apply effective water pricing and to charge for pollution, a comprehensive system of water rights and discharge permits is considered necessary. The capacity to implement these necessary institutional arrangements is very variable, especially in developing countries, and hence the stage of implementation may differ substantially. Further, it is very important to have initial access to funds to kick-start the process of implementation. It has been found that systems of cost recovery can only be successfully introduced when acceptable service levels are established and when an enabling institutional environment is in place. Investments are needed and not all countries can afford that. Above all, a major requirement for implementation of any institutional development is the presence of sufficient human and institutional capacity at the right time and at the right place.
机译：本文考虑了为使社区脱离部门和孤立的水管理以达到更高的整合水平而需要和正在发展的体制安排。描述了应妥善处理的关键方面，以整体方式和整体方式管理流域。探索了各国选择流域综合管理系统的理由。确定了改变的触发因素：需要在水文边界上进行综合水管理；功能下放的附加值使决策能够在最低的适当水平上进行；利益相关者参与决策和水资源规划；以及成本回收和水价。识别并描述变化过程中的持续发展。对津巴布韦，南非，坦桑尼亚，土耳其，印度尼西亚，法国和荷兰的局势进行了比较评估。确定了制度安排的共同点，特别是发展中国家可以从中受益于引入和建立流域综合管理系统。确定和描述了流域和次流域组织有效运作的能力样本。利益相关者的平台具有明确的代表制和参与水资源规划决策的规则，被认为是至关重要的工具并进行了描述。为了实行有效的水价和收取污染费用，有必要建立一套完善的水权和排污许可证制度。实施这些必要的体制安排的能力是非常可变的，尤其是在发展中国家，因此实施的阶段可能会有很大差异。此外，非常重要的是要有最初的资金来启动实施过程。已经发现，只有在建立可接受的服务水平并建立有利的机构环境时，才能成功引入成本回收系统。需要投资，并非所有国家都能负担得起。最重要的是，执行任何机构发展的主要要求是在正确的时间和正确的地方存在足够的人力和机构能力。

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