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A reactive species model for chlorine decay and THM formation under rechlorination conditions

机译：再氯化条件下氯气衰变和THM形成的反应物种模型

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摘要

Chlorine is typically used within drinking water distribution systems to maintain a disinfectant residual and minimize biological regrowth. Typical distribution system models describe the loss of disinfectant due to reactions within the water matrix as first order with respect to chlorine concentration, with the reactants in excess. Recent work, however, has investigated relatively simple dynamic models that include a second, hypothetical reactive species. This work extends these latter models to account for discontinuities associated with rechlorination events, such as those caused by booster chlorination and by mixing at distribution system junction nodes. Mathematical arguments show that the reactive species model will always represent chlorine decay better than, or as well as, a first-order model, under single dose or rechlorination conditions; this result is confirmed by experiments on five different natural waters, and is further shown that the reactive species model can be significantly better under some rechlorination conditions. Trihalomethane (THM) formation was also monitored, and results show that a linear relationship between total THM (TTHM) formation and chlorine demand is appropriate under both single dose and rechlorination conditions. This linear relationship was estimated using the modeled chlorine demand from a calibrated reactive species model, and using the measured chlorine demand, both of which adequately represented the TTHM formation.
机译：氯通常用于饮用水分配系统中，以保持消毒剂残留并最大程度地减少生物再生。典型的分配系统模型描述了由于水基质内的反应（相对于氯浓度而言是一阶反应）而导致的消毒剂损失，其中反应物过量。但是，最近的工作研究了相对简单的动力学模型，其中包括第二种假设的反应物种。这项工作扩展了后面的这些模型，以解决与再氯化事件相关的不连续性，例如由加强氯化作用和配电系统连接节点处的混合引起的不连续性。数学论证表明，在单剂量或再氯化条件下，反应性物种模型将始终代表比一阶模型更好或更好的氯衰变。在五个不同的天然水上进行的实验证实了这一结果，并进一步表明，在某些再氯化条件下，反应物种模型可能会明显更好。还监测了三卤甲烷（THM）的形成，结果表明，在单剂量和再氯化条件下，总THM（TTHM）形成与氯需求之间的线性关系是适当的。使用校准的反应物种模型中的模拟氯需求量和测得的氯需求量来估算此线性关系，两者均能充分代表TTHM的形成。

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