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首页> 外文期刊>Water Resources Management >Influence of Hydropower Development on Flow Regime in the Zambezi River Basin for Different Scenarios of Environmental Flows
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Influence of Hydropower Development on Flow Regime in the Zambezi River Basin for Different Scenarios of Environmental Flows

机译：不同环境流量情景下水电开发对赞比西河流域流量制度的影响

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摘要

As the need for energy is increasing, the challenges in the future are to operate existing large hydraulic schemes in more sustainable ways and to develop future water resources projects that are able to achieve a better balance between environmental and socio-economic demands. In this context, scenarios combining different levels of environmental requirements as well as hydropower developments were simulated at a daily time step with a hydraulic-hydrological model (the Soil and Water Assessment Tool) over the Zambezi River Basin. For each scenario, the hydropower operation rules, the mean annual energy produced and the firm powers were considered. The impact on the flow regime was characterized by a hydrological alteration indicator and Pardé coefficients. In the present state, the total mean annual energy production is about 30,000 GWh with a firm power of about 3,000 MW. The impact of the dams on the flow regime is low in the Kafue flats and the Zambezi delta and high in the Mana Pools. The new run-of-river hydropower plants aim to increase the mean energy production by more than 90 % and the firm power by about 40 %. Releasing e-flows can reduce the impact in the Kafue flats and in the Zambezi delta, with a loss of less than 10 % of mean annual energy production and about 15 % of the firm power at Itezhi-Tezhi and Cahora Bassa. This reveals that a compromise between energy production and environmental sustainability can be reached.
机译：随着能源需求的增加，未来的挑战是以更可持续的方式运营现有的大型水利计划，并开发能够在环境与社会经济需求之间实现更好平衡的未来水资源项目。在这种情况下，使用赞比西河流域的水文水文模型（土壤和水评估工具），在每天的时间步长上模拟了结合了不同水平的环境要求和水电开发的情景。对于每种情况，都应考虑水电运行规则，平均年发电量和固定功率。对水流状况的影响以水文变化指标和帕德系数为特征。在目前的状态下，年平均总能源产量约为30,000 GWh，而固定功率约为3,000 MW。在Kafue滩和赞比西河三角洲，水坝对流域的影响较低，而在Mana Pools中则较高。新的河道上游水力发电厂旨在将平均发电量提高90％以上，将固定发电量提高40％左右。释放电子流可以减少对Kafue公寓和赞比西河三角洲的影响，损失不到年均能源产量的10％，并减少Itezhi-Tezhi和Cahora Bassa的公司电力的15％。这表明可以在能源生产和环境可持续性之间达成折衷。

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