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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of the American Water Resources Association >The Impact of Dynamic Environmental Flow Releases on Hydropower Production in the Zambezi River Basin
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The Impact of Dynamic Environmental Flow Releases on Hydropower Production in the Zambezi River Basin

机译：动态环境流量释放对赞比西河流域水力发电的影响

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Incorporation of environmental flow releases from reservoirs has proven to be challenging due to fear of losses to existing water uses. Moreover environmental flow requirements (EFR) have not often been operationalized. This study compares the possibility of implementing dynamic EFR based on natural flows lagged against an upstream unregulated gauging point with static EFR. It simulates different scenarios with a high flow release in the wet season and analyses its impacts on hydropower production. This method accounts fully for the natural variability of environmental flows, implying less pressure on existing water uses during relatively dry years. Joint operation of two cascading dams vs. individual operation for EFR was also explored. These approaches were tested for the Zambezi River basin in Southern Africa using a water resources model, WAFLEX. Historic data on reservoir water levels, releases and power generation of the hydropower schemes were synthesized. Combining these yielded a validated series of monthly flow data for a 28year period (1982-2010). The results show that Kariba and Cahora Bassa reservoirs face a reduction in power produced when they would annually release an environmental flow. However, the dynamic EFR method entails smaller hydropower losses. Joint environmental flow operations will reduce overall basin power production more than if Cahora Bassa alone would release an environmental flow. However, such joint operation would be more beneficial to the ecosystem.
机译：由于担心对现有用水的损失，将水库的环境流量释放纳入其中已被证明具有挑战性。此外，环境流量要求（EFR）很少被实施。这项研究比较了基于自然流量实现动态EFR的可能性，而自然流量则相对于静态EFR的上游不受监管的测量点有所滞后。它模拟了雨季高流量释放的不同情景，并分析了其对水力发电的影响。这种方法充分考虑了环境流量的自然变化，这意味着在相对干燥的年份中，对现有用水的压力较小。还探讨了两个梯级水坝的联合运行与EFR的单独运行。使用水资源模型WAFLEX在南部非洲的赞比西河流域对这些方法进行了测试。综合了水库水位，水位和发电量的历史数据。结合使用这些数据，可以得出一系列经过验证的28个月（1982-2010年）月流量数据。结果表明，Kariba和Cahora Bassa水库每年释放环境流量时，其发电量将减少。但是，动态EFR方法带来的水电损失较小。联合环境流量运营将比单单卡奥拉·巴萨（Cahora Bassa）释放环境流量更能减少流域整体发电量。但是，这种联合行动将对生态系统更加有利。

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