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Introduction to the special section on Institutional Arrangements and the Effects on Water Resources

机译：体制安排及其对水资源的影响特别节的介绍

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As the four articles illustrate, a great deal more work is needed to improve the water institutions and institutional arrangements in the U.S. and other countries facing serious water problems. Hearne discusses how Mexico has gradually moved to establish water use rights, improve coordination of river basin activities and turn over local water management to users. Other countries should study Mexico's changes to see which ones might work in their own countries. The difficulty of establishing water rights, particularly for groundwater, is made clear by both Livingston and Garrido and by Orr and Colby. In addition, Frisvold illustrates how changes in water institutions have to be considered within the context of existing agricultural policies. Since much of a country's water, in arid and semiarid areas, is used in agriculture, agricultural policy changes can make or break carefully crafted institutional changes in the water resources sector. Finally, the question of developing institutions and institutional arrangements for international waters (which is covered in another special section) is very difficult politically. Many of the international agencies shy away from doing anything serious in this area for both political and budgetary reasons since large side payments may be necessary to achieve binding agreements. This is where researchers need to step in and work with policy makers to help develop institutional arrangements that will ease these political and budgetary constraints and make improved management of international water a reality.
机译：正如四篇文章所说明的那样，在美国和其他面临严重水问题的国家中，还需要做大量工作来改善水机构和制度安排。 Hearne讨论了墨西哥如何逐步建立水使用权，改善流域活动的协调以及将当地水管理移交给用户。其他国家应该研究墨西哥的变化，看看哪些变化可能在本国起作用。利文斯顿和加里多以及奥尔和科尔比都明确指出了建立水权，特别是地下水权的困难。此外，弗里斯沃尔德（Frisvold）说明了如何在现有农业政策的背景下考虑水机构的变化。由于一个国家的大部分水在干旱和半干旱地区都用于农业，因此农业政策的变化会破坏水资源部门精心设计的体制变化。最后，从政治上讲，为国际水域发展机构和体制安排的问题（在另一专节中将涉及）非常困难。由于政治和预算方面的原因，许多国际机构都回避了在这一领域做任何严肃的事情，因为达成有约束力的协议可能需要大量的边际付款。这是研究人员需要介入并与政策制定者合作的地方，以帮助制定制度安排以减轻这些政治和预算限制，并改善对国际水的管理。

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