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The impact of governance modes on sustainable transport - the case of bus transport in Greater Manchester, UK

机译：治理模式对可持续交通的影响-英国大曼彻斯特的公共汽车交通案例

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摘要

'Sustainable transport' has become a priority for transport planning and policy making around the world. Sustainable transport plans often promote efforts to shift passengers from private cars to other modes such as public transport. However, the actual success of such efforts is likely to depend on how the transport sector is organised and governed. In this paper, we study the impacts of new public management (NPM) reforms in the British local transport sector on the attraction of passengers to buses. Britain is an interesting example since high level sustainable transport policies have been pursued in a deregulated context. We focus on bus transport in Greater Manchester as the case in point. First, we study the effects of the NPM reforms on modal shift. We find that the reforms generally have contributed to a decline in bus passengers, while some reform elements have made positive contributions. Second, we apply theoretical notions of 'governance modes', to examine whether the strengths and failures of 'market', 'hierarchy' and 'network' governance respectively can help to explain the results we observe. We find that these concepts are particularly useful to clarify the conditions under which public transport can attract travellers.
机译：“可持续交通”已成为全球交通规划和政策制定的优先事项。可持续交通计划通常会促进将乘客从私家车转移到其他方式（例如公共交通）的努力。但是，这种努力的实际成功可能取决于运输部门的组织和管理方式。在本文中，我们研究了英国本地运输部门新的公共管理（NPM）改革对吸引乘客乘公共汽车的影响。英国是一个有趣的例子，因为在放松管制的环境中奉行了高水平的可持续运输政策。我们将重点放在大曼彻斯特的巴士运输上。首先，我们研究了NPM改革对模式转变的影响。我们发现，改革总体上导致了公交车乘客数量的下降，而一些改革要素做出了积极的贡献。其次，我们运用“治理模式”的理论概念，来检验“市场”，“等级制度”和“网络”治理的优势和劣势是否分别有助于解释我们观察到的结果。我们发现这些概念对于阐明公共交通吸引旅行者的条件特别有用。

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