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首页> 外文期刊>Physiology & behavior >The effect of escapable versus inescapable social defeat on conditioned defeat and social recognition in Syrian hamsters
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The effect of escapable versus inescapable social defeat on conditioned defeat and social recognition in Syrian hamsters

机译：不可避免的社会失败与无法避免的社会失败对叙利亚仓鼠有条件的失败和社会认可的影响

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Male Syrian hamsters are naturally aggressive animals that reliably defend their home territory against intruding conspecifics. Hamsters that lose agonistic encounters subsequently exhibit a striking change in their agonistic behavior, however, expressing no aggression and instead becoming highly submissive, a behavioral change that we have termed conditioned defeat. We have generally employed an inescapable defeat training protocol when studying conditioned defeat. The purpose of the present study was to determine if conditioned defeat is an epiphenomenon of the inescapable defeat experience by comparing the behavior of hamsters exposed to inescapable versus escapable defeat. In the conditioned defeat model, defeated hamsters subsequently generalize their submission and social avoidance to a novel, non-aggressive opponent, suggesting that hamsters subjected to inescapable defeat may not form a specific memory of their aggressive opponent. Thus, a secondary purpose of the present study was to determine whether hamsters subjected to our defeat protocol have the ability to recognize a familiar opponent following defeat. Our results provide evidence that conditioned defeat is not solely a by-product of inescapable defeat because all experimental animals, regardless of the type of defeat, expressed conditioned defeat during testing. We also found that animals experiencing an inescapable defeat avoided a familiar aggressor significantly more than they did an unfamiliar aggressor, demonstrating that these animals have the ability to recognize their previous attacker. Thus, we maintain that a variety of social defeat models, and conditioned defeat in particular, represent generalizable and ethologically valid models with which to study the effects of social stress on physiology and behavior.
机译：叙利亚雄性仓鼠自然是具有攻击性的动物，可以可靠地捍卫其本国领土免受入侵的物种侵害。失去争斗经历的仓鼠随后会表现出惊人的激动行为变化，但是却没有表现出侵略性，反而变得高度顺从，这被我们称为有条件的失败。在研究条件性失败时，我们通常会采用不可避免的失败训练方案。本研究的目的是通过比较遭受不可避免的失败和无法逃避的失败的仓鼠的行为，来确定条件性失败是否是不可避免的失败经历的表象。在有条件的失败模型中，失败的仓鼠随后将他们的屈服和社交回避普遍化为一个新颖的，没有侵略性的对手，这表明遭受不可避免的失败的仓鼠可能不会形成他们积极的对手的特定记忆。因此，本研究的第二个目的是确定接受我们失败方案的仓鼠是否具有识别失败后熟悉的对手的能力。我们的结果提供了证据，条件性失败不仅是不可避免的失败的副产品，因为所有实验动物，无论失败的类型如何，都在测试过程中表达了条件性失败。我们还发现，经历了不可避免的失败的动物比熟悉的攻击者更能避免熟悉的攻击者，这表明这些动物具有识别其先前攻击者的能力。因此，我们认为各种社会失败模型，特别是有条件的失败，代表了可推广和符合伦理学的有效模型，可用来研究社会压力对生理和行为的影响。

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