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Phosphorus (P) acquisition of cereal cultivars in the field at three levels of P fertilization

机译：三种磷肥水平下田间谷物品种的磷吸收

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Low phosphorus (P) availability in soils and diminishing P reserves emphasize the need to create plants that are more efficient P users. Knowledge of P efficient germplasm among the existing cereal varieties may serve as the basis for improving soilP use by selection and breeding. Some cereal cultivars (winter wheat: Kosack and Kraka; winter barley; Hamu and Angora; spring barley: Canut, Alexis, Salka, Zita;) which were found to differ (P<0.05) in P depletion from thin slices (0.2 mm) of the rhizosphere soil under controlled conditions were studied under field conditions at three levels of P supply (no-P, 10 and 20 kg P/ha). Under both conditions, the variation between the cultivars was greatest in soil without P fertilizers (no-P) for～30 years.The variation in P uptake with most cultivars disappeared when 10 kg P/ha was applied. Root development did not differ between the cultivars much, but there was wide, consistent variation in their root hairs, regardless of growth media (solution, soil column and field). Increase in soil P level reduced the length of root hairs. The variation in root hairs between the cultivars was largest in no-P soil. When 10 kg P/ha was applied, the root hair lengths did not differ between the cultivars. Barley cultivars with longer root hairs depleted more P from the rhizosphere soil and also absorbed more P in the field. The relationship between root hairs and phosphorus uptake of the wheat cultivars was less clear. The wide variation in P uptake among the barleycultivars in the field and its relationship to the root hair development confirms that root hair length may be a suitable plant characteristic to use as criterion for selecting barley cultivars for P efficiency, especially in low-P soils.
机译：土壤中磷（P）的低利用率和磷储量的减少强调了建立高磷用户有效植物的需求。现有谷物品种中对磷有效种质的了解可以作为通过选择和育种改善土壤磷利用的基础。发现一些谷物品种（冬小麦：Kosack和Kraka;冬大麦; Hamu和安哥拉;春季大麦：Canut，Alexis，Salka，Zita）在薄片（0.2毫米）上的磷耗竭差异很大（P <0.05）在田间条件下，在三种水平的磷供应水平（无磷，10和20 kg P / ha）下，研究了在受控条件下根际土壤的盐分含量。在这两种条件下，无磷肥料（无磷）的土壤中品种间的变化最大，持续了30年。当施用10 kg P / ha时，大多数品种对P的吸收变化消失。品种之间的根系发育差异不大，但无论生长介质（溶液，土壤柱和田间）如何，其根毛都有广泛而一致的变化。土壤磷水平的提高减少了根毛的长度。在无磷土壤中，品种间根毛的变化最大。当施用10 kg P / ha时，不同品种的根毛长度没有差异。根毛较长的大麦品种从根际土壤中消耗了更多的P，并且在田间吸收了更多的P。根毛与小麦品种对磷的吸收之间的关系尚不清楚。田间大麦品种对磷的吸收差异很大，并且与根毛发育有关，这证明根毛长度可能是适合作为选择大麦品种对磷效率的标准的植物特性，尤其是在低磷土壤中。

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