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Novel rhizobox design to assess rhizosphere characteristics at highspatial resolution

机译：新颖的根瘤菌设计，可在高空间分辨率下评估根际特征

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Available tools to study rhizosphere characteristics at a sub-mm spatial resolution suffer from a number of shortfalls, including geometrically and physiologically ill-defined root layers containing soil or other growth medium. Such designs may result in over- or underestimation of root-induced changes in the rhizosphere. We present a novel rhizobox design that overcomes these shortfalls. Plants are pre-grown in a soil-root compartment with an opening slit at the bottom. As plants reach the targeted physiological stage, this compartment is transferred on top of a rhizosphere soil compartment attached to a vertical root-only compartment. The latter is made up of a membrane (pore size 7 mum to restrict root hair growth into the rhizosphere compartment or 30 mum to restrict only root growth) and a transparent acrylic window which is gently pressed against the membrane and rhizosphere soil compartment using an adjustable screw. This design allows roots to penetrate from the upper soil-root compartment through the slit into the root-only compartment. Root growth and distribution can be monitored through the acrylic window using digital camera equipment. Upon termination of the experiment, the rhizosphere compartment is removed and frozen prior to separation of sub-mm soil layers using microtome techniques. In a test experiment, canola (Brassica napus L. cv. Sprinter) developed a fairly dense root monolayer within 8 days. Using measurement of soil characteristics at 0.5-1-mm increments across the rhizosphere we demonstrate that the proposed rhizobox design is yielding reproducible data. Due to exudation of LMWOC, we found a statistically significant increase of DOC towards the root plane, whereas more stable soil characteristics were not affected by root activity. Limitations and further extensions of this rhizobox design, including the use of micro suction cups and microsensors for pH and redox potential to measure spatial and temporal changes in a non-destructive manner are discussed along with potential applications such as validation of rhizosphere models.
机译：在亚毫米空间分辨率下研究根际特性的可用工具存在许多不足，包括在几何和生理上定义不清的含有土壤或其他生长介质的根层。这种设计可能会导致根际诱导的根系变化过高或过低。我们提出了一种新颖的根瘤菌盒设计，可以克服这些不足。将植物预先种植在根部隔间，并在底部开一个狭缝。当植物达到预定的生理阶段时，该隔室转移到与垂直的仅根部隔室相连的根际土壤隔室的顶部。后者由膜（孔径为7毫米以限制根毛生长进入根际隔室，或孔径为30毫米仅限制根生长）和透明的丙烯酸窗组成，该窗口可调节，轻轻地压在膜和根际土壤隔间上拧。这种设计允许根部从上层土壤根部隔间穿过狭缝进入仅根部的隔间。根的生长和分布可以使用数码相机设备通过丙烯酸窗进行监控。实验结束后，将根际隔室移开并冷冻，然后使用切片机技术分离亚毫米土壤层。在测试实验中，双低油菜籽（甘蓝型油菜Sprinter）在8天内形成了一个相当致密的根单层。通过在整个根际上以0.5-1 mm的增量测量土壤特性，我们证明了所提出的根盒设计可产生可重复的数据。由于LMWOC的渗出，我们发现DOC向根平面显着增加，而更稳定的土壤特征不受根系活动的影响。讨论了这种根瘤菌盒设计的局限性和进一步扩展，包括使用微吸盘和微型传感器来测量pH和氧化还原电位，以无损方式测量时空变化，以及潜在的应用，如验证根际模型。

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