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Application of extremely compact capillary discharge soft x-ray lasers to dense plasma diagnostics

机译:超紧凑型毛细管放电软X射线激光器在密集等离子体诊断中的应用

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Table-top capillary discharge soft x-ray lasers combine the advantages of a small size and a high repetition rate with an extremely high brightness similar to that of their laboratory-size predecessors. When utilized to probe high density plasmas their short wavelength results in a higher critical density, reduced refraction, decreased free-electron absorption, and higher resolution as compared to optical probes. These characteristics allow the design of experiments capable of measuring the evolution of plasmas with density-scale length products that are outside the reach of optical lasers. This paper reviews the use of a 46.9 nm wavelength Ne-like Ar capillary discharge table-top laser in dense plasma diagnostics, and reports soft x-ray laser interferometry results of spot-focus Nd:YAG laser plasmas created at moderate irradiation intensity (similar to7x10(12) W cm(-2)) with similar to13 ns pulse width duration laser pulses. The measurements produced electron density maps with densities up to 0.9x10(21) cm(-3) that show the development of a concave electron density profile that differ significantly from those of a classical expansion. This two-dimensional behavior, that was recently also observed in line-focus plasmas, is analyzed here for the case of spot-focus plasmas with the assistance of hydrodynamic model simulations. The results demonstrate the use of a table-top soft x-ray laser interferometer as a new high resolution tool for the study of high density plasma phenomena and the validation of hydrodynamic codes. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. [References: 39]
机译:台式毛细管放电软X射线激光器具有体积小,重复率高,亮度极高的优点,类似于其实验室尺寸的同类产品。与光学探针相比,当用于探测高密度等离子体时,它们的短波长导致更高的临界密度,减小的折射,减少的自由电子吸收以及更高的分辨率。这些特征允许设计实验,该实验能够利用光学激光无法达到的密度标度长度乘积来测量等离子体的演化。本文回顾了在密集等离子体诊断中使用46.9 nm波长的类似Ne的Ar毛细管放电台式激光的情况,并报告了在中等辐照强度下产生的点聚焦Nd:YAG激光等离子体的软X射线激光干涉测量结果(相似to7x10(12)W cm(-2)),具有类似于13 ns脉冲宽度持续时间的激光脉冲。测量结果产生了密度高达0.9x10(21)cm(-3)的电子密度图,该图显示了凹电子密度分布的发展,该分布与经典膨胀的显着不同。借助流体动力学模型仿真,这里针对点聚焦等离子体的情况分析了最近在线聚焦等离子体中也观察到的这种二维行为。结果表明,使用台式软X射线激光干涉仪作为研究高分辨率高密度等离子体现象和验证流体力学代码的新型高分辨率工具。 (C)2003美国物理研究所。 [参考:39]

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