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首页> 外文期刊>Plant Breeding and Seed Science >SCREENING FOR LEAF RUST RESISTANCE IN COLLECTIONS OF BARLEY LANDRACES FROM SOUTHERN MEDITERRANEAN REGION SHORT COMMUNICATION
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SCREENING FOR LEAF RUST RESISTANCE IN COLLECTIONS OF BARLEY LANDRACES FROM SOUTHERN MEDITERRANEAN REGION SHORT COMMUNICATION

机译：南部地中海地区短距离通信对大麦地貌叶片铁锈抗性的筛选

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摘要

(Hordeum vulgare L.) landraces are grown commonly in Southern Mediterranean region. Leaf rust caused by fungus Puccinia hordei has economic importance in many barley growing regions. There is need for new sources of effective leaf rust resistance. Landraces were proven to be rich source of resistance genes for resistance to major pathogens of barley. A total of 880 landraces collected in 7 countries (Morocco - 320, Algeria - 67, Tunisia -104, Libya- 159, Egypt- 137, Jordan-93 and Lebanon-15) were used. These landraces were collected in period of 1981 -1995 in 23 germplasm collecting expeditions: 4 in Morocco, 3 in Algeria, 2 in Tunisia, 5 in Libya, 2 in Egypt, 5 in Jordan and 2 in Lebanon. Isolate Ph 25 of P. hordei was used. Isolate Ph25 represented the most virulent isolate available allowing the expression of highly effective (in breeders point of view) resistance to leaf rust. In samples of 69 landraces were observed resistant plants. These landraces originated from germplasm collection expeditions in 6 countries: Morocco - 23, Tunisia - 28, Libya - 9, Egypt -1, Lebanon - 4 and Jordan - 4. None of plants sampled from landraces from Algeria showed resistance to leaf rust. The highest frequency of landraces showing resistance was among landracesfrom Tunisia (27%) and Lebanon (26,7%). The frequency for landraces from other countries was: 7,2% for Morocco, 5,7% for Libya, 4,3% for Jordan, and 0,7% for Egypt. In samples of 16 landraces all plants showed resistance reaction to leaf rust. Majorityof these landraces (14) were collected in Tunisia. In 20% of tested landraces all tested plants showed homogenous leaf rust resistance reactions. Five of them (861,871,872,1027,1032) showed resistance reaction 2 and other 9 (881,883,885,889,892, 893,894,944,955) showed resistance reaction 0. Rest of landraces showed mixed infection types after inoculation with leaf rust isolate. Among them plants of 2 landraces (886 and 933) showed only mixed resistant reactions which were 0 and 2. Plants of landrace 218 showed 3 different infection types 0,1 and 4. The most frequently observed resistant infection type among samples of landraces was 0 (51 samples - 74%). Other resistant infection types (IT) were significantly less frequent: IT 2 in 12 samples, IT 1 in5 samples and IT 0; in 4 samples. Susceptible plants were observed in 52 (77%) samples of landraces. Single plant lines resistant to leaf rust were selected from tested landraces for further genetic studies and for future incorporation into breeding materials. Different strategies for control of barley leaf rust were described. In addition, the potential "hot spots" in Southern Mediterranean region for sampling of barley landraces for disease resistance were discussed.
机译：（Hordeum vulgare L.）地方品种通常在地中海南部地区种植。由真菌Puccinia hordei引起的叶锈病在许多大麦生长地区具有重要的经济意义。需要有效的抗叶锈病的新来源。事实证明，地方品种是抵抗大麦主要病原体的抗病基因的丰富来源。在7个国家（摩洛哥-320，阿尔及利亚-67，突尼斯-104，利比亚159，埃及137，约旦93和黎巴嫩15）收集了880个地方品种。这些地方品种是在1981年至1995年期间在23种种质远征中收集的：摩洛哥4种，阿尔及利亚3种，突尼斯2种，突尼斯5种，利比亚2种，埃及5种，约旦5种，黎巴嫩2种。使用了P. hordei的分离株Ph 25。分离株Ph25代表可用的最具毒性的分离株，可表达出对叶锈病的高度有效（在育种者看来）。在69个地方品种的样品中观察到抗性植物。这些地方品种起源于6个国家的种质资源收集探险：摩洛哥-23，突尼斯-28，利比亚-9，埃及-1，黎巴嫩-4和约旦-4。从阿尔及利亚的地方品种中取样的植物均未显示出对叶锈病的抗性。抵抗力最高的地方品种是突尼斯（27％）和黎巴嫩（26.7％）的地方品种。来自其他国家的地方品种出现的频率是：摩洛哥为7.2％，利比亚为5.7％，约旦为4.3％，埃及为0.7％。在16个地方品种的样品中，所有植物均显示出对叶锈病的抗性反应。这些地方品种中的大多数（14个）是在突尼斯收集的。在20％的受试地方品种中，所有受试植物均显示出均一的抗叶锈反应。其中五个（861,871,872,1027,1032）显示抗药性反应2，其他9个（881,883,885,889,892，893,894,944,955）显示抗药性反应0。接种叶锈病隔离株后，其余地方品种显示混合感染类型。其中2个地方品种（886和933）的植物仅显示出0和2的混合抗性反应。地方品种218的植物显示3种不同的感染类型0,1和4。在地方品种样品中最常观察到的抗性感染类型是0 （51个样本-74％）。其他抗药性感染类型（IT）的发生频率明显降低：12个样本中为IT 2，5个样本中为IT 1，IT 0。在4个样本中。在52个（77％）地方品种样品中观察到易感植物。从经过测试的地方品种中选出具有抗叶锈病能力的单株系，以进行进一步的遗传研究和将来整合到育种材料中。描述了控制大麦叶锈病的不同策略。此外，还讨论了在地中海南部地区可能采集大麦地方品种抗病性的“热点”。

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