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首页> 外文期刊>Plant Disease >Soil solarization as a component of an integrated program for control of raspberry root rot.
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Soil solarization as a component of an integrated program for control of raspberry root rot.

机译：土壤日晒作用是控制覆盆子根腐病综合计划的组成部分。

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Field and growth chamber studies were conducted during 2000 to 2005 to determine the efficacy of soil solarization for the control of Phytophthora root rot of raspberry (PRR). The exposure time that was lethal to Phytophthora rubi cultures on V8 juice agar plates was evaluated at intervals up to 240 h and at a range of temperatures from 20 to 35 degrees C. Colonies incubated at 20 and 25 degrees C nearly covered the plates in 240 h, while radial growth slowed at 27 degrees C and ceased at temperatures >=29 degrees C. The exposure times required to kill P. rubi were estimated to be 222 h at 29 degrees C, 168 h at 31 degrees C, 108 h at 33 degrees C, and 52 h at 35 degrees C. Previous exposure to shorter durations at temperature >=29 degrees C slowed growth of colonies when they later were incubated at 20 degrees C. Field trials were established in 2000 and 2003 at three locations in Washington State to evaluate soil solarization for the management of PRR. Cumulative hours with soil temperatures >29 degrees C at 30 cm soil depth in solarized plots exceeded 200 h in each trial. In the 2000 trial, combinations of solarization, bed shape, and amendments of gypsum were evaluated. Over the 3 years after planting PRR-susceptible raspberry 'Malahat' and 'Willamette', primocane growth and survival were greater (P<0.05) in raised bed plots that were solarized than in solarized and nonsolarized flat bed plots or hilled bed plots with gypsum. In 2003, trials were initiated to evaluate solarization in combination with applications of mefenoxam and fosetyl-Al. In 2004, solarization increased (P<0.05) primocane growth of 'Malahat' and 'Qualicum' raspberries at both locations compared to application of fungicides alone and nontreated control plots. At both locations in 2005, density and growth of 'Qualicum' primocanes were greatest in solarized plots, while canes in solarized and fungicide only plots of 'Malahat' were similar. Incidence of diseased canes was lowest in plots that received fungicides. Primocane survival and fruit yields were very low at both locations in the third season because of favorable conditions for PRR and plant stress in late spring. These results indicate that soil solarization can be an effective component of integrated management of PRR in the Pacific Northwest, especially when combined with raised beds and gypsum amendments.
机译：在2000年至2005年期间进行了田间和生长室研究，以确定土壤日晒对控制树莓疫霉根腐病（PRR）的功效。以至多240小时的间隔以及在20至35摄氏度的温度范围内，评估在V8果汁琼脂平板上对红假单胞菌培养物致死的暴露时间。菌落在20和25摄氏度下孵育C在240小时内几乎覆盖了板，而径向生长在27摄氏度时减慢了，并且在> = 29摄氏度的温度下停止了。杀死iP所需的暴露时间。估计红宝石在29摄氏度下为222小时，在31摄氏度下为168小时，在33摄氏度下为108小时，在35摄氏度下为52小时。以前在> = 29摄氏度的温度下暴露于较短时间的情况当它们随后在20摄氏度下孵育时，可减缓菌落的生长。2000年和2003年在华盛顿州的三个地点建立了田间试验，以评估土壤日光化对PRR的管理。在每个试验中，土壤温度> 29摄氏度，日晒区30 cm土壤深度下的累积小时数超过200小时。在2000年的试验中，评估了日晒作用，床形和石膏改良剂的组合。在播种了对PRR敏感的树莓“ Malahat”和“ Willamette”之后的3年中，在经过日光照射的高架床地块中，初茂烷的生长和存活率更高（ P <0.05），而在未经日光照射和未经日光照射的平板床中地块或带有石膏的丘陵地块。 2003年，开始进行试验，以评估日晒作用并结合使用甲芬沙am和福赛特-铝。 2004年，与单独施用杀真菌剂和未经处理的对照样地相比，在两个地点的日照增加了'Malahat'和'Qualicum'覆盆子的primocane生长（ P <0.05）。在2005年的两个地方，“ Qualicum” primocanes的密度和生长在日晒区都最大，而仅在日晒区和杀菌剂区中的“ Malahat”区的甘蔗相似。在接受杀真菌剂的地块中，患病甘蔗的发生率最低。由于第三季的PRR和植物胁迫的有利条件，在第三季的两个地点，primocane的存活率和果实产量都非常低。这些结果表明，土壤日光化可以是西北太平洋地区PRR综合管理的有效组成部分，尤其是与高架床和石膏改良剂结合使用时。

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