...
  • 主题
高级搜索  >
历史搜索 清空历史
首页> 外文期刊>Physics - Uspekhi >Ultracold atoms and atomic optics
【24h】

Ultracold atoms and atomic optics

机译：超冷原子和原子光学

获取原文
获取原文并翻译 | 示例
           
页面导航
  • 摘要
  • 著录项
  • 相似文献
  • 相关主题

摘要

As a quantum mechanical system, the atom is characterized by two sets of degrees of freedom: internal (electron configurations and spin) and external (momentum and center-of-mass position), which can change in the interaction with laser radiation. The physics of ultracold atoms and atom optics made their appearance due to successful investigations into the action of laser radiation on precisely the external degrees of freedom of the atom-its momentum and center-of-mass position. In an elementary 'photon absorption-emission' cycle, the reradiated photon can be spontaneous or induced. The 'stimulated absorption-spontaneous emis-sion' process is inherently dissipative and it is precisely this cycle that underlies the laser cooling of atoms. Numerous laser cooling techniques enable forming atomic ensembles in the range from room temperature to several nanokelvins. Laser cooling and the subsequent evaporative cooling allow obtaining both ultralow temperatures and ultrahigh atomic densities, which in turn permits realizing quantum Bose and Fermi gases. The 'stimulated absorption-stimulated emis-sion' photon process is coherent and forms the foundation of atom optics-a new type of optics of material particles (along with electron and neutron optics), which evolved from the development of the methods of laser cooling and atom localization and which is concerned with the formation, control, and application of the ensembles and beams of neutral atoms.
机译：作为量子力学系统，原子的特征在于两组自由度：内部自由度（电子构型和自旋）和外部自由度（动量和质心位置），它们可以随着与激光辐射的相互作用而发生变化。由于成功研究了激光辐射对原子的外部自由度（其动量和质心位置）的影响，因此超冷原子和原子光学的物理学问世。在基本的“光子吸收-发射”循环中，重新辐射的光子可以是自发的或诱发的。 “受激吸收自发发射”过程本质上是耗散的，而正是这一循环是原子激光冷却的基础。多种激光冷却技术能够形成从室温到几纳米开尔文的原子团。激光冷却和随后的蒸发冷却可同时获得超低温和超高原子密度，进而实现量子玻色和费米气体。 “受激吸收-激发发射”光子过程是连贯的，并构成了原子光学的基础。原子光学是一种新型的材料粒子光学（以及电子和中子光学），是随着激光冷却方法的发展而发展起来的原子的定位，与中性原子的整体和光束的形成，控制和应用有关。

著录项

相似文献

  • 外文文献
  • 中文文献
  • 专利
获取原文

客服邮箱：kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

京公网安备：11010802029741号 ICP备案号：京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有

  • 客服微信

  • 服务号