Zveibil, A., Mor, N., Gnayem, N., and Freeman, S. 2012. Survival, host pathogen interaction, and management of Macrophomina phaseolina on strawberry in Israel. Plant Dis. 96:265-272. Crown and root rot of strawberry, caused by Macrophomina phaseolina, have become predominant soilborne diseases of strawberry in Israel over the past 5 years. In total, 151 isolates of the pathogen were isolated from infected strawberry plants of commercially grown cultivars in Israel onto a modified agar medium for the genus Macrophomina. Sclerotia viability declined more rapidly in soil maintained at 25 degrees C or at soil temperatures fluctuating from 18 to 32 degrees C under greenhouse conditions, compared with sclerotia viability in soil kept at 30 degrees C. After 30 to 40 weeks of exposure in soil, inocula maintained at 25 or 30 degrees C or at fluctuating temperatures in a greenhouse declined to negligible levels. A significant increase in plant mortality was observed in infested soils maintained at 30 versus 25 degrees C, whereas water stress at 25 or 30 degrees C did not affect plant mortality in M. phaseolina-infested soils. This demonstrated the importance of elevated soil temperature, not moisture stress, on plant mortality caused by M. phaseolina. Host specificity was not evident when strawberry plants were inoculated with each of seven Israeli isolates of M. phaseolina obtained from six other plant species, suggesting the importance of keeping strawberry crops out of rotation with other host crops of the pathogen. The soil fumigants methyl bromide (applied at 500 kg/ha) and metam sodium (730 liter/ha) caused 90 and 95% pathogen mortality in field experiments, respectively, indicating that fumigation may be an effective method of managing this pathogen in infested soils. The increase in prevalence of crown and root rot caused by M. phaseolina in strawberry crops in Israel may be related to the phase-out of methyl bromide.
展开▼
机译：Zveibil，A.，Mor，N.，Gnayem，N。和Freeman，S.，2012年。《生存，宿主病原体的相互作用以及在草莓上对菜豆大螯虾的管理》。植物病96：265-272。在过去的5年中，由菜豆巨光菌引起的草莓冠腐病已经成为以色列主要的土壤传病。总共，从以色列商业种植的栽培品种的被感染草莓植株中分离出151种病原体到改良的琼脂培养基琼脂培养基上。与保持在30摄氏度的土壤中的菌核活力相比，在温室条件下保持在25摄氏度或在18至32摄氏度的土壤温度波动下，菌核的存活力下降更快。在土壤中暴露30至40周后，接种保持在25或30摄氏度或温室中温度波动的水平降至可忽略不计的水平。维持在30摄氏度与25摄氏度之间的受侵染土壤中观察到植物死亡率显着增加，而25或30摄氏度的水分胁迫并未影响菜豆分枝杆菌感染的土壤中的植物死亡率。这证明了升高的土壤温度而不是水分胁迫对由菜豆分枝杆菌引起的植物死亡率的重要性。当用从其他六个植物种获得的七个以色列分离的菜豆分枝杆菌接种草莓植株时，寄主特异性不明显，这表明保持草莓作物与病原体的其他寄主作物不轮作的重要性。在田间试验中，土壤熏蒸剂甲基溴（以500 kg / ha的施用量）和metam钠（730升/公顷）分别引起90％和95％的病原体死亡率，表明熏蒸可能是一种在受侵染的土壤中处理这种病原体的有效方法。 。以色列草莓作物中的菜豆分枝杆菌引起的树冠和根腐病的流行可能与甲基溴的淘汰有关。
展开▼
