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首页> 外文期刊>Plant Disease >Biology and Sources of Inoculum of Geotrichum candidum Causing Sour Rot of Peach and Nectarine Fruit in California
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Biology and Sources of Inoculum of Geotrichum candidum Causing Sour Rot of Peach and Nectarine Fruit in California

机译：在加利福尼亚州造成桃子和油桃果实腐烂的铁皮土生菌的生物学和来源

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Yaghmour, M. A., Bostock, R. M., Morgan, D. P., and Michailides, T. J. 2012. Biology and sources of inoculum of Geotrichum candidum causing sour rot of peach and nectarine fruit in California. Plant Dis. 96:204-210. Geotrichum candidum causes sour rot of fresh-market stone fruit such as peach and nectarine. Since 2001, the incidence of sour rot has increased in California, a semi-arid production area, which is considered atypical for the occurrence of the disease. In this study, sour rot developed at significantly higher incidence on wounded fruit compared with unwounded fruit, and disease severity increased as fruit matured. In packinghouse surveys, sour rot was found on up to 4% of non-fungicide-treated peach and nectarine fruit. In laboratory assays, sour rot developed when fruit were inoculated with a minimum of 20 conidia per inoculation site. Inoculum of G. candidum could be detected in California orchard soils at depths of up to 10 cm. The amount of inoculum in the soil was positively correlated with that on leaf and fruit surfaces of trees growing at a specific site. Moreover, inoculum of G. candidum was detected at different areas of packing lines in seven packinghouses. There were significant differences among the packinghouses evaluated, and these differences could be attributed, in part, to different sanitation practices used. Nitidulid beetles and fruit flies were found to play a role in disease transmission. These insects acquired sour rot inoculum in the orchard, and 25% of nitidulid beetles and 26% of fruit flies collected were positive for the pathogen. Spore survival in the soil over a 12-month period decreased significantly when soil depth increased from 10 to 20 cm. This study identified sources of inoculum of G. candidum in orchards and packinghouses, and provides information to guide development of disease management programs under the semi-arid conditions of California.
机译：Yaghmour，M。A.，Bostock，R。M.，Morgan，D。P.和Michailides，T。J.2012。在加利福尼亚州导致桃和油桃果实酸腐的Geotrichum candidum的生物学和接种源。植物病96：204-210。 Geotrichum candidum导致桃和油桃等新鲜市场核果腐烂。自2001年以来，酸腐烂的发生率在加利福尼亚州（半干旱产区）有所增加，该地区被认为非典型的疾病发生地。在这项研究中，与未受伤的水果相比，受伤水果上的酸腐发生率显着更高，并且随着水果的成熟，病害的严重程度增加。在包装厂的调查中，在未经杀菌剂处理的桃和油桃果实中，最多有4％会发现酸腐。在实验室分析中，当每个接种位点接种至少20个分生孢子时，会腐烂腐烂。可以在加利福尼亚果园土壤中深达10 cm的地方检测到念珠菌的接种物。土壤中的接种量与特定地点生长的树木的叶子和果实表面的接种量呈正相关。此外，在七个包装厂的包装线的不同区域检测到了念珠菌的接种物。在所评估的包装厂之间存在显着差异，这些差异可以部分归因于所使用的不同卫生习惯。人们发现尼迪杜利的甲虫和果蝇在疾病传播中起作用。这些昆虫在果园中获得了酸性腐烂接种物，收集到的25％的针状甲虫和26％的果蝇对该病原体呈阳性。当土壤深度从10 cm增加到20 cm时，土壤中12个月的孢子存活率显着下降。这项研究确定了果园和包装厂中念珠菌的接种源，并提供了信息，以指导加利福尼亚半干旱条件下疾病管理计划的制定。

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