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Application of PVDF membranes in desalination and comparison of the VMD and DCMD processes

机译：PVDF膜在海水淡化中的应用以及VMD和DCMD工艺的比较

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摘要

Membrane distillation (MD) is a promising desalination technology that may help to resolve the fresh water shortage. Hydrophobic flat-sheet polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes were used for desalination by direct contact MD (DCMD) and vacuum MD (VMD) processes. The effect of the operating conditions, such as the feed temperature, flow velocity on both the hot and cold sides and the concentration of the feed solution were investigated. During the DCMD processing of a 35g/L aqueous NaCl solution, with a hot side temperature of 73°C and a cold distillate water temperature of 25°C, the permeate flux was as high as 18.9kg/m ~2h with a NaCl rejection of 99.8%. A permeate flux of 22.4kg/m ~2h and a NaCl rejection of 99.9% were attained during the VMD process at the same feed temperature and a downstream pressure of 31.5kPa. Furthermore, there was hardly any wetting during 6h desalination test. A dusty gas model was used to successfully predict the permeating flux in both the DCMD and VMD processes, and the mass transfer mechanisms through the membrane were determined. Comparison of the flux and the thermal efficiency in the DCMD and VMD processes under the same conditions demonstrated that this type of thin flat-sheet membrane, which had a high surface hydrophobicity and a sponge-like cross-section, was more suitable for use in the VMD process than in the DCMD process.
机译：膜蒸馏（MD）是一种有前途的脱盐技术，可帮助解决淡水短缺问题。疏水性平板聚偏二氟乙烯（PVDF）膜通过直接接触MD（DCMD）和真空MD（VMD）工艺用于脱盐。研究了操作条件的影响，例如进料温度，热侧和冷侧的流速以及进料溶液的浓度。在35g / L的NaCl水溶液的DCMD处理过程中，热侧温度为73°C，冷馏出水温度为25°C，渗透通量高达18.9kg / m〜2h，且有NaCl排出占99.8％。在VMD工艺中，在相同进料温度和31.5kPa的下游压力下，渗透流量为22.4kg / m〜2h，NaCl截留率为99.9％。此外，在6h脱盐试验期间几乎没有润湿。使用尘土气体模型成功预测了DCMD和VMD过程中的渗透通量，并确定了通过膜的传质机理。比较在相同条件下DCMD和VMD工艺中的通量和热效率，表明这种类型的薄平板膜具有较高的表面疏水性和海绵状横截面，更适合用于VMD流程要比DCMD流程要多。

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