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首页> 外文期刊>Plant Pathology >Changes in populations of the eyespot fungi Tapesia yallundae and T.acuformis under different fungicide regimes in successive crops of winter wheat, 1984-2000
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Changes in populations of the eyespot fungi Tapesia yallundae and T.acuformis under different fungicide regimes in successive crops of winter wheat, 1984-2000

机译：1984-2000年冬小麦连续作物中不同杀菌方式下点眼真菌Tapessia yallundae和T. acuformis种群的变化

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摘要

Effects of regular treatments with the fungicides carbendazim and prochloraz applied to whole plots divided into subplots with different initial population mixtures of carbendazim-sensitive of carbendazim-resistant Tapesia yallundae or T.acuformis were studied in successive crops of winter wheat from 1984/85 to 1999/2000. In unsprayed and carbendazim-sprayed whole plots, a stable coexistence of about 50% each of T.yallundae and T.acuformis developed within five seasons, but in whole plots sprayed with prochloraz or prochloraz plus carbendazim, the proportion of T.acuformis increased to > 80%. A discrete time difference equation model was derived from knowledge of the biology of eyespot and competition theory to describe the population changes. The model was fitted to the data from treatments where coexistence occurred [subplots in unsprayed (1985-92) and carbendazim-sprayed (1985-89) whole plots], using nonlinear least squares regression. The optimized value of the resource overlap coefficient was small, suggesting niche differences between the two species. Populations were nearly 100% carbendazim-resistant in carbendazim-sprayed whole plots by July 1985 (one season) and in whole plots sprayed with prochloraz plus carbendazim by July 1986(two seasons). In prochloraz-sprayed whole plots, the proportion of carbendazim-resistant isolates decreased more rapidly than in unsprayed whole plots in the 1980s, but by July 1992 a shift in populations in unsprayed and prochloraz-sprayed whole plots towards predominantly carbendazim-resistant strains had occurred.
机译：在1984/85年至1999年的连续冬小麦作物中，研究了多菌灵和丙草胺杀真菌剂常规处理对整个田地的影响，该田地分为不同的初始种群混合物，对多菌灵敏感的耐多菌的Tapesia yallundae或T. acuformis进行了不同的初始种群混合。 / 2000。在未喷洒和多菌灵喷洒的整个样地中，T.yallundae和T. acuformis在五个季节内稳定地共存，但在整个喷洒有前杀虫剂或前喷杀虫剂加多菌灵的样地中，T。acuformis的比例增加到> 80％。从眼点生物学知识和竞争理论推导了离散时差方程模型，以描述种群变化。使用非线性最小二乘回归，将模型拟合到共存发生的处理数据（未喷涂（1985-92年）和多菌灵喷涂（1985-89年）全图中的子图）。资源重叠系数的优化值很小，表明这两个物种之间的生态位差异。到1985年7月（一个季节），喷洒多菌灵的整个地块和到1986年7月（整个两个季节）的整个地块中，喷洒了多虫灭草胺和多菌灵的种群几乎具有100％的多菌灵抗性。在1980年以前，在喷有毒死az的整个地块中，抗多菌灵的分离株的比例下降得比未喷洒的整个地块更快，但到1992年7月，未喷药和前喷药的整个地块的种群发生了向主要是多菌灵抗性菌株的转移。 。

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