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Structure and temporal shifts in virulence of Pseudoperonospora cubensls populations in the Czech Republic

机译：捷克共和国库氏假单胞菌种群的致病力结构和时间变化

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摘要

The structure and temporal dynamics of the virulence of Pseudoperonospora cubensis (causal agent of cucurbit downy mildew) were studied in pathogen populations in the Czech Republic from 2001 to 2010. A total of 398 P. cubensis isolates collected from Cucumis (Cm.) sativus, Cm. melo, Cucurbita (Cr.) maxima, Cr. pepo, Cr. moscbata and Citrullus lanatus were analysed for variation in virulence (pathotypes). Virulence was evaluated on a differential set of 12 genotypes of cucurbita-ceous plants. All isolates of P. cubensis were characterized by their level of virulence (classified according the number of virulence factors, VF; low VF = 1-4, medium VF = 5-8, high VF = 9-12): high (75%), medium (24%) and low (1%). The structure and dynamics of virulence in the pathogen populations were expressed by pathotypes using tetrad numerical codes and a total of 67 different pathotypes of P. cubensis were determined. The most susceptible group of differentials was Cucumis spp., while the lowest frequency of virulence was recorded on Cr. pepo ssp. pepo, Ci. lanatus and Luffa cylindrica. A high proportion (c. 90%) of isolates was able to infect cucurbit species Benincasa hispida and Lagenaria siceraria, which are not commonly cultivated in the Czech Republic or elsewhere in central Europe. In the recent pathogen populations (2008-2010) there was prevailing frequency (70·100%) of isolates with high numbers (9-12) of virulence factors. 'Super pathotype' 15.15.15 was often observed in the study within the pathogen populations and was one of the four most frequently recorded pathotypes. Pseudoperonospora cubensis populations shifted to a higher virulence over time. From 2009 the pathogen population changed dramatically and new pathotypes appeared able to establish natural and serious infection of Cucurbita spp. and Ci. lanatus, which was not observed in 2001-2008. Generally, virulence structure and dynamics of P. cubensis populations are extremely variable in the Czech Republic.
机译：2001年至2010年，在捷克共和国的病原体种群中研究了黄瓜假单胞菌立方体病（葫芦霜霉病的病原体）的毒力的结构和时间动态。从黄瓜（Cucumis（Cm。）sativus，厘米。甜瓜，南瓜（Cr。）maxima，Cr。佩珀河分析了moscbata和Citrullus lanatus的毒力变化（致病型）。对南瓜属植物的12种基因型的差异集评估了毒力。高毒力（75％）的所有分离物均以其毒力水平为特征（按毒力因子数量VF分类;低VF = 1-4，中VF = 5-8，高VF = 9-12） ），中（24％）和低（1％）。使用四倍体数字编码通过病原体表达病原体种群中的毒力的结构和动力学，并确定了总共67种不同的病原体。差异最大的是黄瓜属，而毒力最低的是Cr。 pepo ssp。佩珀拉纳图斯和丝瓜。很大比例（约90％）的分离株能够感染葫芦科物种Benincasa hispida和Lagenaria siceraria，它们在捷克共和国或中欧其他地区并不常见。在最近的病原体种群（2008-2010年）中，具有高毒力因子数量（9-12）的分离株的流行频率（70·100％）。在研究中经常在病原体群体中观察到“超级病态” 15.15.15，是四种最常记录的病态之一。假单胞菌立方体菌种群随着时间的推移转移到更高的毒力。从2009年开始，病原体种群发生了巨大变化，新的病态型似乎能够建立自然和严重的南瓜属感染。和慈。鼻烟，200​​1-2008年未观察到。通常，在捷克共和国，立方体假单胞菌种群的毒力结构和动态变化很大。

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