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首页> 外文期刊>Population and Development Review >Birth Prevention in the American and French Fertility Transitions: Contrasts in Knowledge and Practice
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Birth Prevention in the American and French Fertility Transitions: Contrasts in Knowledge and Practice

机译：美国和法国生育率转变中的生育预防：知识与实践的对比

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摘要

THE FERTILITY TRANSITION began earlier in France and the United States than in other Western countries. It occurred earlier in France than in the United States, and from lower levels largely because of France's later age at marriage. France appears tohave experienced a continuous decline from a level of 5.0 children per woman in the first decade of the nineteenth century to 3.2 in 1901. In the United States, marital fertility scarcely declined before 1840, when the total fertility rate of the whitepopulation was estimated at 6.6 children per woman (Hacker 2003). By 1900, total fertility had dropped to 3.6 (Coale and Zelnick 1963). The population of the United States numbered 5 million at the beginning of the period and 75 million at the end. It was growing through the steady inflow of high-fertility migrants and was moving out of the Atlantic coastal region where the birth rate was much lower than elsewhere in the country. The French population, in contrast, grew only slightly during the nineteenth century, and remained in the 30 million range.
机译：法国和美国比其他西方国家更早开始了生育过渡。它在法国发生的时间比美国更早，并且发生在较低水平的主要原因是法国的结婚年龄较晚。法国似乎经历了连续的下降，从19世纪前十年的每名妇女5.0个孩子下降到1901年的3.2个孩子。在美国，1840年以前的婚姻生育率几乎没有下降，当时估计了白人的总生育率每个妇女有6.6个孩子（Hacker，2003年）。到1900年，总生育率下降到3.6（Coale和Zelnick 1963）。在此期间初，美国人口为500万，年底为7500万。由于高生育率移民的不断流入，它正在增长，并且正从大西洋沿岸地区迁出，那里的出生率远低于该国其他地区。相比之下，法国人口在19世纪仅略有增长，并保持在3000万左右。

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