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首页> 外文期刊>Plasmid: An International Journal Devoted to Extrachromosomal Gene Systems >The 2 micron plasmid of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: A miniaturized selfish genome with optimized functional competence
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The 2 micron plasmid of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: A miniaturized selfish genome with optimized functional competence

机译：酿酒酵母的2微米质粒：具有优化功能能力的小型自私基因组

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摘要

The 2 micron plasmid of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a relatively small multi-copy selfish DNA element that resides in the yeast nucleus at a copy number of 40-60 per haploid cell. The plasmid is able to persist in host populations with almost chromosome-like stability with the help of a partitioning system and a copy number control system. The first part of this article describes the properties of the partitioning system comprising two plasmid coded proteins, Rep1 and Rep2, and a partitioning locus STB. Current evidence supports a model in which the Rep-. STB system couples plasmid segregation to chromosome segregation by promoting the physical association of plasmid molecules with chromosomes. In the second part, the focus is on the Flp site-specific recombination system housed by the plasmid, which plays a critical role in maintaining steady state plasmid copy number. The Flp system corrects any decrease in plasmid population by promoting plasmid amplification via a recombination induced rolling circle replication mechanism. Appropriate plasmid amplification, without runaway increase in copy number, is ensured by positive and negative regulation of FLP gene expression by plasmid coded proteins and by the control of Flp level/activity through post-translational modification of Flp by the cellular sumoylation system. The Flp system has been successfully utilized to understand mechanisms of site-specific recombination and to bring about directed genetic alterations for addressing fundamental problems in biology and for accomplishing bio-engineering objectives. A particularly interesting, and perhaps less well known and underappreciated, application of Flp in revealing unique DNA topologies required to confer functional competence to DNA-protein machines is discussed.
机译：酿酒酵母的2微米质粒是一种相对较小的多拷贝自私DNA元件，它以每单倍体细胞40-60的拷贝数存在于酵母核中。借助于分区系统和拷贝数控制系统，该质粒能够以几乎染色体样的稳定性持久存在于宿主群体中。本文的第一部分描述了包含两个质粒编码蛋白Rep1和Rep2以及一个分区基因座STB的分区系统的特性。当前证据支持Rep-模型。 STB系统通过促进质粒分子与染色体的物理缔合将质粒分离与染色体分离耦合在一起。在第二部分中，重点是由质粒容纳的Flp位点特异性重组系统，该系统在维持稳态质粒拷贝数中起关键作用。 Flp系统通过重组诱导的滚环复制机制促进质粒扩增来纠正质粒种群的减少。通过质粒编码的蛋白对FLP基因表达的正向和负向调节以及通过细胞sumoyation系统对Flp的翻译后修饰来控制Flp的水平/活性，可以确保适当的质粒扩增，而不会增加拷贝数。 Flp系统已被成功地用于理解位点特异性重组的机制，并进行定向遗传改变，以解决生物学中的基本问题并实现生物工程目标。讨论了Flp在揭示赋予DNA蛋白质机器功能功能所需的独特DNA拓扑结构方面的一种特别有趣的，也许是鲜为人知且未被充分认识的应用。

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