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首页> 外文期刊>Plasmid: An International Journal Devoted to Extrachromosomal Gene Systems >N15: the linear phage-plasmid.
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N15: the linear phage-plasmid.

机译：N15：线性噬菌体质粒。

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摘要

The lambdoid phage N15 of Escherichia coli is very unusual among temperate phages in that its prophage is not integrated into chromosome but is a linear plasmid molecule with covalently closed ends. Upon infection the phage DNA circularises via cohesive ends, then phage-encoded enzyme, protelomerase, cuts at an inverted repeat site and forms hairpin ends (telomeres) of the linear plasmid prophage. Replication of the N15 prophage is initiated at an internally located ori site and proceeds bidirectionally resulting in formation of duplicated telomeres. Then the N15 protelomerase cuts duplicated telomeres generating two linear plasmid molecules with hairpin telomeres. Stable inheritance of the plasmid prophage is ensured by partitioning operon similar to the F factor sop operon. Unlike F sop, the N15 centromere consists of four inverted repeats dispersed in the genome. The multiplicity and dispersion of centromeres are required for efficient partitioning of a linear plasmid. The centromeres are located in N15 genome regions involved in phage replication and control of lysogeny, and binding of partition proteins at these sites regulates these processes. Two N15-related lambdoid Siphoviridae phages, phiKO2 in Klebsiella oxytoca and pY54 in Yersinia enterocolitica, also lysogenize their hosts as linear plasmids, as well as Myoviridae marine phages VP882 and VP58.5 in Vibrio parahaemolyticus and PhiHAP-1 in Halomonas aquamarina. The genomes of all these phages contain similar protelomerase genes, lysogeny modules and replication genes, as well as plasmid-partitioning genes, suggesting that these phages may belong to a group diverged from a common ancestor.
机译：大肠杆菌的λ型噬菌体N15在温带噬菌体中非常罕见，因为其噬菌体没有整合到染色体中，而是具有共价封闭端的线性质粒分子。感染后，噬菌体DNA通过粘性末端环化，然后噬菌体编码酶，端粒酶在反向重复位点切割并形成线性质粒原噬菌体的发夹末端（端粒）。 N15噬菌体的复制在内部ori站点开始，并双向进行，导致形成重复的端粒。然后，N15端粒酶切下重复的端粒，产生两个带有发夹端粒的线性质粒分子。通过分配类似于F因子sop操纵子的操纵子来确保质粒原噬菌体的稳定遗传。与F sop不同，N15着丝粒由分散在基因组中的四个反向重复序列组成。着丝粒的多样性和分散性是线性质粒有效分配所必需的。着丝粒位于参与噬菌体复制和溶原性控制的N15基因组区域，并且在这些位点的分区蛋白的结合调节了这些过程。两种与N15相关的lambdoid短螺旋体噬菌体，即产酸克雷伯菌中的phiKO2和小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌中的pY54，也将其宿主裂解为线性质粒，同时将溶血弧菌和副溶血性拟南芥中的肌病毒科海洋噬菌体VP882和VP58.5溶血。所有这些噬菌体的基因组都包含相似的端粒酶基因，溶原基因模块和复制基因，以及质粒分配基因，这表明这些噬菌体可能属于与共同祖先不同的一组。

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