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首页> 外文期刊>Prevention science: the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research >Behavioral Adaptation Among Youth Exposed to Community Violence: A Longitudinal Multidisciplinary Study of Family, Peer and Neighborhood-Level Protective Factors
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Behavioral Adaptation Among Youth Exposed to Community Violence: A Longitudinal Multidisciplinary Study of Family, Peer and Neighborhood-Level Protective Factors

机译：暴露于社区暴力的青年人的行为适应：家庭，同伴和邻里级保护因素的纵向多学科研究

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Several studies across fields have documented the detrimental effects of exposure to violence and, separately, the power of developmental assets to promote positive youth development. However, few have examined the lives of youth exposed to violence who demonstrate resilience (that is, positive adjustment despite risk), and hardly any have examined how developmental assets may shape resilient trajectories into adulthood for youth exposed to violence. What are these resources and relationships that high-risk youth can leverage to tip the balance from vulnerability in favor of resilience? We used generalized estimating equations to examine multilevel longitudinal data from 1,114 youth of ages 11-16 from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods. Behavioral adaptation was a dynamic process that varied over time and by level of violence exposure. In the short term, being a victim was associated with increased aggression and delinquency. In the long term though, both victims and witnesses to violence had higher odds of behavioral adaptation. Baseline family support and family boundaries, friend support, neighborhood support, and collective efficacy had positive main effects for all youth. Additionally, having family support, positive peers, and meaningful opportunities for participation modified the effect of exposure to violence and increased odds of behavioral adaptation over time. Policies, systems, and programs across sectors should focus on building caring relationships/supports with family members and friends, positive peers, and meaningful opportunities especially for witnesses and victims of violence, to promote behavioral resilience and related outcomes into adulthood for high-risk youth.
机译：跨领域的几项研究记录了暴露于暴力的不利影响，以及发展资产促进青年积极发展的力量。但是，很少有人研究过遭受暴力侵害的青年人的生活，这些人表现出了韧性（即尽管有风险，还是进行了积极的调整），几乎没有人审查过发展资产如何使受暴力侵害的青年人成年后的弹力轨迹。高风险青年可以利用哪些资源和关系来弥补脆弱性的平衡，从而增强抗灾能力？我们使用广义估计方程检查了来自芝加哥邻里人类发展项目的1,114名11-16岁青年的多层次纵向数据。行为适应是一个动态过程，随时间和暴力暴露程度的不同而变化。在短期内，成为受害者会增加攻击性和犯罪行为。从长远来看，暴力的受害者和证人都有较高的行为适应机会。基线家庭支持和家庭边界，朋友支持，邻里支持以及集体效能对所有青年都有积极的主要影响。此外，有了家庭的支持，积极的同伴和有意义的参与机会，改变了暴露于暴力的影响以及随着时间的流逝行为适应的可能性增加。跨部门的政策，系统和计划应着重于与家人和朋友，积极的同伴建立关爱关系/支持，以及为暴力行为的证人和受害者提供有意义的机会，以提高行为适应力和相关结果，使高危青年成年。

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