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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the Nutrition Society >Public health nutrition and genetics: implications for nutrition policy and promotion
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Public health nutrition and genetics: implications for nutrition policy and promotion

机译：公共卫生营养和遗传学：对营养政策和促进的影响

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The unravelling of the human genome has the potential to radically extend many of the strategic, used in public health nutrition to improve health and to increase food availability, accessibility and utilization. The present paper divides nutrigenomics into two broad but differing areas in asking about possible public health applications: (1) the increasing mismatch between population growth and global food security, on top of the already approximately 800 million of the world population who are food insecure; (2) possible responses to the rising prevalence of non-communicable diseases as the Western diet becomes increasingly inappropriate to the needs of those consuming it. It is clear that complex interactions of multiple polymorphisms play a role in how individuals and sub-populations respond to dietary interventions. All these applications present public health and ethical challenges, particularly in ensuring that any benefits that do come from nutrigenomics are not restricted to the wealthy minority of only the affluent nations. The present paper concludes that the public health applications of nutrigenomics are probably at least a decade away, especially for developing countries. Clinical applications are likely to be more immediate, probably resulting in 'designer diets' for individuals with particular polymorphisms, but unless governments take on the role of ensuring some extent of equity in access, any benefits are most likely to go to those who can afford the screening, tests and treatment. At the same time, greatly increased international efforts are needed towards the continuing, and in some cases worsening, global malnutrition, as genetic manipulation of crops is unlikely to provide more than part of the solution.
机译：揭露人类基因组的潜力有可能从根本上扩展许多战略性的公共卫生营养中使用的战略性食品，以改善健康状况并增加食物的可利用性，可及性和利用率。在询问可能的公共卫生应用方面，本文将营养经济学分为两个广泛但不同的领域：（1）在全球已经有约8亿粮食不安全的人口之上，人口增长与全球粮食安全之间的失衡日益加剧; （2）随着西方饮食越来越不适合那些食用非传染性疾病的人们，对非传染性疾病流行的可能反应。显然，多种多态性的复杂相互作用在个体和亚群对饮食干预的反应中起着作用。所有这些应用都带来了公共卫生和道德挑战，尤其是在确保营养学带来的任何收益不仅仅限于富裕国家的富裕少数群体方面。本文的结论是，营养基因组学在公共卫生领域的应用可能至少有十年的时间，特别是对于发展中国家而言。临床应用可能会更加即时，可能会为具有特定多态性的个体提供“设计饮食”，但是除非政府承担确保一定程度的获取公平性的角色，否则任何收益最有可能会给那些负担得起的人筛查，测试和治疗。同时，由于全球范围内对农作物的遗传操纵不太可能提供解决方案的一部分，因此需要作出更大的国际努力，以使全球营养不良持续下去，在某些情况下甚至在恶化。

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