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Reproduction biotechnology: cloning of livestock

机译：生殖生物技术：家畜克隆

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摘要

Reproduction of domestic species by cloning has been conducted for more than 20 years. Early techniques relied first on embryo splitting, then on using embryo cells for nuclear transfer to generate cloned animals. The advent of nuclear transfer now enables the use of somatic adult cells for the direct transfer and preservation of high-value genotypes to offspring. In this article, a summary is presented of how INRA, during the last 20 years, has brought technical improvement and scientific expertise in cloning technology, not only for the production of cloned laboratory and domestic species, but also for the study of how nuclear transfer has an influence on genetic and epigenetic regulation of embryonic, fetal and postnatal development in these animals. Somatic cell nuclear transfer is still a poorly efficient technique to generate live offspring. The acceptance of clones and products of clones in the food chain depends on societal discussions and evaluations from food agencies, which are based on scientific data on safety and equivalence of these products with those issued from fertilised animals. This synthesis shows how important it is to investigate every step of somatic cell nuclear transfer more intensively, starting from the donor cell and continuing until the cloned offspring are born and further.
机译：通过克隆繁殖国内物种已经进行了20多年。早期的技术首先依靠胚胎分裂，然后依靠利用胚胎细胞进行核移植来产生克隆的动物。现在，核转移的出现使得能够利用体细胞成体细胞将高价值基因型直接转移并保存到后代。在本文中，总结了INRA在过去20年中如何为克隆技术带来了技术进步和科学专长，不仅用于克隆实验室和家养物种的生产，还用于研究核转移的方式对这些动物的胚胎，胎儿和出生后发育的遗传和表观遗传调控有影响。体细胞核转移仍然是产生活后代的效率低下的技术。克隆和克隆产品在食物链中的接受程度取决于食品代理机构的社会讨论和评估，这些评估和评估是基于有关这些产品与受精动物的安全性和等效性的科学数据。这种合成表明，从供体细胞开始，一直持续到克隆的后代出生，再进一步深入研究体细胞核转移的每个步骤是多么重要。

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