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3d-Transition metal doped spinels as high-voltage cathode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries

机译:3d过渡金属掺杂的尖晶石作为可充电锂离子电池的高压阴极材料

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Finding appropriate positive electrode materials for Li-ion batteries is the next big step for their application in emerging fields like stationary energy storage and electromobility. Among the potential materials 3d-transition metal doped spinels exhibit a high operating voltage and, therefore, are highly promising cathode materials which could meet the requirements regarding energy and power density to make Li-ion batteries the system of choice for the above mentioned applications. The compounds considered here include substituted Mn-based spinels such as LiM0.5Mn1.5O4 (M = Ni, Co, Fe), LiCrMnO4 and LiCrTiO4. In this review, the recent researches conducted on these spinel materials are summarized. These include different routes of synthesis, structural studies, electrode preparation, electrochemical performance and mechanism of Li-extraction/insertion, thermal stability as well as degradation mechanisms. Note that even though the Ni-, Co-, and Fe-doped materials share the same chemical formula, the oxidation state distributions as well as the operating voltages are different among them. Furthermore, apart from the initial structural similarity, the Li-intercalation takes place through different mechanisms in different materials. In addition, this difference in mechanism is found to have considerable influence on the long-term cycling stability of the material. The routes to improve the electrochemical performance of some of the above candidates are discussed. Further emphasis is given to the parameters that limit their application in current technology, and strategies to overcome them are addressed. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译:为锂离子电池寻找合适的正极材料是将其应用于新兴领域(如固定式能量存储和电动汽车)的下一步。在3d过渡金属掺杂的尖晶石材料中,潜在材料具有较高的工作电压,因此是极有前途的阴极材料,可以满足有关能量和功率密度的要求,从而使锂离子电池成为上述应用的首选系统。这里考虑的化合物包括取代的基于Mn的尖晶石,例如LiM0.5Mn1.5O4(M = Ni,Co,Fe),LiCrMnO4和LiCrTiO4。在这篇综述中,总结了对这些尖晶石材料的最新研究。这些包括不同的合成途径,结构研究,电极制备,锂萃取/插入的电化学性能和机理,热稳定性以及降解机理。注意,即使掺杂了镍,钴和铁的材料具有相同的化学式,它们之间的氧化态分布和工作电压也不同。此外,除了最初的结构相似性之外,Li嵌入还通过不同材料中的不同机制发生。另外,发现这种机理上的差异对材料的长期循环稳定性具有相当大的影响。讨论了改善上述某些候选物的电化学性能的途径。进一步强调了限制其在当前技术中应用的参数,并提出了克服这些参数的策略。 (C)2014 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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