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首页> 外文期刊>Progress in brain research >Dynamics of emotional effects on spatial attention in the human visual cortex.
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Dynamics of emotional effects on spatial attention in the human visual cortex.

机译：情绪对人类视觉皮层中空间注意力的动态影响。

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An efficient detection of threat is crucial for survival and requires an appropriate allocation of attentional resources toward the location of potential danger. Recent neuroimaging studies have begun to uncover the brain machinery underlying the reflexive prioritization of spatial attention to locations of threat-related stimuli. Here, we review functional brain imaging experiments using event-related potentials (ERPs) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in a dot-probe paradigm with emotional face cues, in which we investigated the spatio-temporal dynamics of attentional orienting to a visual target when the latter is preceded by either a fearful or happy face, at the same (valid) location or at a different (invalid) location in visual periphery. ERP results indicate that fearful faces can bias spatial attention toward threat-related location, and enhance the amplitude of the early exogenous visual P1 activity generated within the extrastriate cortex in response to a target following a valid rather than invalid fearful face. Furthermore, this gain control mechanism in extrastriate cortex (at 130-150 ms) is preceded by an earlier modulation of activity in posterior parietal regions (at 40-80 ms) that may provide a critical source of top-down signals on visual cortex. Happy faces produced no modulation of ERPs in extrastriate and parietal cortex. fMRI data also show increased responses in the occipital visual cortex for valid relative to invalid targets following fearful faces, but in addition reveal significant decreases in intraparietal cortex and increases in orbitofrontal cortex when targets are preceded by an invalid fearful face, suggesting that negative emotional stimuli may not only draw but also hold spatial attention more strongly than neutral or positive stimuli. These data confirm that threat may act as a powerful exogenous cue and trigger reflexive shifts in spatial attention toward its location, through a rapid temporal sequence of neural events in parietal and temporo-occipitalareas, with dissociable neural substrates for engagement benefits in attention affecting activity in extrastriate occipital areas and increased disengagement costs affecting intraparietal cortex. These brain-imaging results reveal how emotional signals related to threat can play an important role in modulating spatial attention to afford flexible perception and action.
机译：有效地检测威胁对于生存至关重要，需要针对潜在危险的位置适当分配注意力资源。最近的神经影像学研究已经开始揭示在对注意力相关刺激的位置进行空间注意力反身优先排序的基础上的大脑机制。在这里，我们回顾了使用事件相关电位（ERP）和功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）在具有情感表情的点探针范式中进行功能性脑成像实验，在该实验中，我们研究了注意力集中于视觉的时空动态当后者在视觉外围的相同（有效）位置或不同（无效）位置之前带有恐惧或高兴的表情时，定位目标。 ERP结果表明，恐惧面孔可以将空间注意力转移到与威胁相关的位置，并增强在有效恐惧面孔（而非无效恐惧面孔）之后对目标做出的反应在外皮层皮质中产生的早期外源性视觉P1活动的幅度。此外，在外皮层皮质中（在130-150 ms处）的这种增益控制机制之前在壁后壁区域（在40-80 ms处）进行了较早的活动调制，这可能是视觉皮层上自顶向下信号的关键来源。开心的笑脸不会对雌性顶叶皮质和顶叶皮质的ERPs产生调节作用。 fMRI数据还显示，在面对可怕的面孔后，相对于无效的目标，对于有效目标，枕部视皮层的反应有所增加，但此外，当目标之前带有无效的可怕的面孔时，顶叶内皮质的显着减少以及眶额皮质的增加，表明负面的情绪刺激与中性或积极刺激相比，它不仅可以吸引人，而且还可以更吸引空间注意力。这些数据证实，威胁可以通过顶叶和颞枕区域的神经事件的快速时间序列，通过可分离的神经底物参与，从而引起注意力集中，从而影响空间活动。枕骨上方区域和分离成本增加，影响顶壁皮层。这些脑成像结果揭示了与威胁有关的情绪信号如何在调节空间注意力以提供灵活的感知和动作方面发挥重要作用。

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