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Cigarette smoking and diabetes.

机译:吸烟和糖尿病。

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摘要

Smokers are insulin resistant, exhibit several aspects of the insulin resistance syndrome, and are at an increased risk for type 2 diabetes. Prospectively, the increased risk for diabetes in smoking men and women is around 50%. Many patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus are at risk for micro- and macrovascular complications. Cigarette smoking increases this risk for diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy, probably via its metabolic effects in combination with increased inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. This association is strongest in type 1 diabetic patients. The increased risk for macrovascular complications, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and peripheral vascular disease, is most pronounced in type 2 diabetic patients. The development of type 2 diabetes is another possible consequence of cigarette smoking, besides the better-known increased risk for cardiovascular disease. In diabetes care, smoking cessation is of utmost importance to facilitate glycemic control and limit the development of diabetic complications. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
机译:吸烟者具有胰岛素抵抗性,表现出胰岛素抵抗综合征的多个方面,并且罹患2型糖尿病的风险增加。预期吸烟男性和女性患糖尿病的风险增加约50%。许多1型和2型糖尿病患者有发生微血管和大血管并发症的风险。吸烟可能通过其代谢作用以及增加的炎症和内皮功能障碍而增加了这种糖尿病性肾病,视网膜病和神经病的风险。这种关联在1型糖尿病患者中最强。在2型糖尿病患者中,大血管并发症,冠心病(CHD),中风和周围血管疾病的风险增加最为明显。除了众所周知的增加的心血管疾病风险外,吸烟还可能导致2型糖尿病的发生。在糖尿病护理中,戒烟对于促进血糖控制和限制糖尿病并发症的发展至关重要。版权所有(Elsevier Science)(美国),2003年。版权所有。

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