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Neural analysis of visual information during locomotion.

机译：运动过程中视觉信息的神经分析。

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For most vertebrate species, vision is critical during locomotion. In this review, we survey what is known about neural mechanisms that might be involved in this visual analysis. Problems that such mechanisms are likely to solve include: (1) determination of heading (the discrepancy between an observer's direction of motion and direction of gaze); (2) detection of course changes; (3) setting of courses using goals and landmarks; (4) obstacle avoidance; (5) accurate foot placement. To understand how the visual system handles these tasks, we must first consider what neurons 'see' during locomotion: this is determined both by an observer's motion and by his gaze. We then review response properties of neurons in the cortical 'motion pathways' of the monkey and cat as they relate to problems encountered during locomotion. The most studied areas are the medial superior temporal area in the monkey, which has been linked to heading determination, and the lateral suprasylvian area in the cat, where many cells are sensitive to motion in depth, and some are selective for optic flow patterns generated during locomotion. A few subcortical populations have also been linked to visual analysis during locomotion. Most notable are cells in the pigeon's nucleus rotundus: these respond selectively to looming stimuli, some firing at a specific time before the stimulus collides with the bird. Another intriguing population is in the cat's visual pontine nucleus, where cells respond to large displays suggestive of optic flow during locomotion.
机译：对于大多数脊椎动物，运动过程中的视力至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们调查了有关视觉分析可能涉及的神经机制的知识。这种机制可能解决的问题包括：（1）航向的确定（观察者的运动方向与凝视方向之间的差异）; （2）检测课程变化; （3）使用目标和地标设置课程; （4）避障; （5）脚的准确放置。要了解视觉系统如何处理这些任务，我们必须首先考虑运动过程中神经元“看到”的东西：这取决于观察者的运动及其注视。然后，我们回顾了猴子和猫的皮质“运动路径”中神经元的响应特性，因为它们与运动过程中遇到的问题有关。研究最多的区域是猴子的颞上颞内侧区域，该区域与航向确定有关;猫的外侧上踝区域则是许多细胞对深度运动敏感的区域，其中一些对产生的光学流模式具有选择性在运动中。在运动过程中，皮层下的一些人群也与视觉分析有关。最值得注意的是鸽子的圆形核中的细胞：它们选择性地对迫在眉睫的刺激做出反应，在刺激与鸟类碰撞之前的特定时间发射一些。另一个有趣的种群是在猫的视觉桥脑核中，在该区域中，细胞对大型运动做出反应，表明运动过程中存在视力流动。

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