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首页> 外文期刊>Progress in brain research >Disrupting the brain to guide plasticity and improve behavior.
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Disrupting the brain to guide plasticity and improve behavior.

机译：破坏大脑以引导可塑性并改善行为。

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摘要

Neurones may be highly stable and nonplastic cellular structures, but they are engaged in dynamically changing, intrinsically plastic neural networks that provide a most energy efficient, spatially compact, and precise means to process input signals and generate adaptable responses to a changing environment. Neural plasticity is evolution's invention to enable the nervous system to escape the restrictions of its own genome (and its highly specialized cellular specification) and thus adapt to environmental pressures, physiologic changes, and experiences. At neural system level two steps of plasticity can be identified: unmasking existing connections that may be followed by establishment of new ones possibly even with integration of new neural structures and neurons. In any case, plastic changes may not necessarily represent a behavioral gain for a given subject, as they represent the mechanism for development and learning, as much as a cause of pathology and disease. The challenge is to learn enough about the mechanisms of plasticity to be able to guide them, suppressing changes that may lead to undesirable behaviors while accelerating or enhancing those that result in a behavioral benefit for the subject or patient. Neurostimulation, including noninvasive brain stimulation techniques, provide an opportunity to modulate brain plasticity in a controlled and specific manner. Such interventions to guide behavior or treat pathological symptomatology might be more immediate in their behavioral repercussion and thus more effective than approaches intent on addressing underlying genetic predispositions.
机译：神经元可能是高度稳定且非塑性的细胞结构，但它们参与了动态变化的，本质上可塑性的神经网络，该网络提供了最节能，空间紧凑且精确的方式来处理输入信号并生成对变化的环境的适应性响应。神经可塑性是进化的发明，使神经系统能够摆脱自身基因组（及其高度专业化的细胞规格）的限制，从而适应环境压力，生理变化和经历。在神经系统级别，可以确定两个可塑性步骤：揭露现有连接，然后可能建立新连接，甚至可能整合新的神经结构和神经元。在任何情况下，塑性变化不一定代表给定受试者的行为收益，因为它们代表发展和学习的机制，以及病理和疾病的起因。挑战是要充分了解可塑性机制，以能够指导它们，抑制可能导致不良行为的变化，同时加快或增强那些可导致受试者或患者行为受益的变化。神经刺激，包括非侵入性脑刺激技术，提供了以受控和特定方式调节脑可塑性的机会。此类指导行为或治疗病理症状的干预措施可能会在其行为反应上更直接，因此比旨在解决潜在遗传易感性的方法更为有效。

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