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首页> 外文期刊>Progress in brain research >Functional plasticity following spinal cord lesions.
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Functional plasticity following spinal cord lesions.

机译：脊髓损伤后的功能可塑性。

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Spinal cord injury results in marked modification and reorganization of several reflex pathways caudal to the injury. The sudden loss or disruption of descending input engenders substantial changes at the level of primary afferents, interneurons, and motoneurons thus dramatically influencing sensorimotor interactions in the spinal cord. As a general rule reflexes are initially depressed following spinal cord injury due to severe reductions in motoneuron excitability but recover and in some instances become exaggerated. It is thought that modified inhibitory connections and/or altered transmission in some of these reflex pathways after spinal injury as well as the recovery and enhancement of membrane properties in motoneurons underlie several symptoms such as spasticity and may explain some characteristics of spinal locomotion observed in spinally transected animals. Indeed, after partial or complete spinal lesions at the last thoracic vertebra cats recover locomotion when the hindlimbs are placed on a treadmill. Although some deficits in spinal locomotion are related to lesion of specific descending motor pathways, other characteristics can also be explained by changes in the excitability of reflex pathways mentioned above. Consequently it may be the case that to reestablish a stable walking pattern that modified afferent inflow to the spinal cord incurred after injury must be normalized to enable a more normal re-expression of locomotor rhythm generating networks. Indeed, recent evidence demonstrates that step training, which has extensively been shown to facilitate and ameliorate locomotor recovery in spinal animals, directly influences transmission in simple reflex pathways after complete spinal lesions.
机译：脊髓损伤导致尾部多个反射途径的明显修饰和重组。输入的突然丢失或中断会导致初级传入，中间神经元和运动神经元的水平发生实质性变化，从而极大地影响脊髓中的感觉运动相互作用。通常，由于运动神经元兴奋性的严重降低，反射在脊髓损伤后最初会被抑制，但会恢复，并且在某些情况下会变大。认为脊柱损伤后某些反射途径中抑制性连接的改变和/或传递的改变以及运动神经元膜特性的恢复和增强是诸如痉挛等症状的基础，并可能解释了脊柱运动的某些特征横断的动物。的确，当将后肢放在跑步机上时，在最后一个胸椎处的部分或全部脊椎病变后，猫恢复了运动。尽管脊柱运动的某些缺陷与特定的下降运动通路的病变有关，但其他特征也可以通过上述反射通路的兴奋性变化来解释。因此，可能的情况是，必须重建稳定的步行方式，以改变受伤后引起的脊髓传入传入流，以使其能够正常表达运动节律产生网络。确实，最新证据表明，逐步训练已被广泛证明有助于并改善脊柱动物的运动恢复，它直接影响完整脊柱病变后简单反射途径的传递。

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