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Seizure-induced damage in the developing human: relevance of experimental models.

机译:癫痫发作对发展中人类造成的损害:实验模型的相关性。

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摘要

A considerable amount of money and effort is spent every year investigating the effects of seizure on the developing rodent brain. A critical question is the relevance of these studies to children. The goal of this chapter is to review the relationship between seizures during early development and cognitive impairment in children and rodents. While the majority of children with epilepsy have normal cognitive development, a small group of children with frequent, recurrent seizures show progressive cognitive impairment. Likewise, in rodent models recurrent seizures during early development are associated with cognitive impairment and histological changes including mossy fiber sprouting and reduced neurogenesis. Status epilepticus is associated with a lower morbidity and mortality rate in children than in adults. Status epilepticus in rodent models is associated with less cell loss and cognitive impairment than in adults. While rodent studies can offer a great deal of insight into mechanisms of seizure-induced brain damage, they also have significant limitations. No animal models have yet been developed that mimic human epileptic syndromes, such as infantile spasms, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, or the severe myoclonic epilepsies. In addition, rodent studies supply only crude measures of learning and memory. Disturbances of language or higher cortical functions such as visual or auditory processing cannot be tested in animal models.
机译:每年花费大量的金钱和精力来研究癫痫发作对发育中的啮齿动物大脑的影响。一个关键问题是这些研究与儿童的相关性。本章的目的是回顾儿童和啮齿动物早期发育过程中癫痫发作与认知障碍之间的关系。尽管大多数癫痫患儿的认知发育正常,但一小部分频繁发作,反复发作的儿童表现出进行性认知障碍。同样,在啮齿动物模型中,早期发育期间的反复发作与认知障碍和组织学变化(包括苔藓纤维发芽和神经发生减少)有关。癫痫持续状态与儿童相比,其发病率和死亡率较低。与成人相比,啮齿动物模型中的癫痫持续状态与细胞丢失和认知障碍的相关性更低。啮齿动物研究虽然可以为癫痫发作引起的脑损伤机制提供很多见识,但它们也有很大的局限性。尚未开发出模拟人类癫痫综合征的动物模型,例如婴儿痉挛症,Lennox-Gastaut综合征或严重的肌阵挛性癫痫。另外,啮齿动物研究仅提供学习和记忆的粗略量度。无法在动物模型中测试语言或更高皮质功能的干扰,例如视觉或听觉处理。

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