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首页> 外文期刊>Psychological science: a journal of the American Psychological Society >Overimitation in kalahari bushman children and the origins of human cultural cognition
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Overimitation in kalahari bushman children and the origins of human cultural cognition

机译：卡拉哈里布什曼儿童的过度模仿与人类文化认知的起源

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摘要

Children are surrounded by objects that they must learn to use. One of the most efficient ways children do this is by imitation. Recent work has shown that, in contrast to nonhuman primates, human children focus more on reproducing the specific actions used than on achieving actual outcomes when learning by imitating. From 18 months of age, children will routinely copy even arbitrary and unnecessary actions. This puzzling behavior is called overimitation. By documenting similarities exhibited by children from a large, industrialized city and children from remote Bushman communities in southern Africa, we provide here the first indication that overimitation may be a universal human trait. We also show that overimitation is unaffected by the age of the child, differences in the testing environment, or familiarity with the demonstrating adult. Furthermore, we argue that, although seemingly maladaptive, overimitation reflects an evolutionary adaptation that is fundamental to the development and transmission of human culture.
机译：儿童被必须学习使用的物体所包围。儿童这样做的最有效方法之一就是模仿。最新的研究表明，与非人类的灵长类动物相比，人类儿童更侧重于再现所使用的特定行动，而不是通过模仿来获得实际成果。从18个月大起，儿童将例行复制甚至是任意和不必要的动作。这种令人困惑的行为称为过度模仿。通过记录来自大型工业化城市的儿童和南部非洲偏远的Bushman社区的儿童所表现出的相似性，我们在这里提供了第一个迹象，即过度模仿可能是人类的普遍特征。我们还表明，过度模仿不受孩子的年龄，测试环境的差异或与演示成年人的熟悉程度的影响。此外，我们认为，过度模仿虽然看似适应不良，但反映了进化适应，这是人类文化发展和传播的基础。

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