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Age Differences in the Effect of Framing on Risky Choice: A Meta-Analysis

机译：框架对风险选择的影响的年龄差异：荟萃分析

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The framing of decision scenarios in terms of potential gains versus losses has been shown to influence choice preferences between sure and risky options. Normative cognitive changes associated with aging have been known to affect decision making, which has led to a number of studies investigating the influence of aging on the effect of framing. Mata, Josef, Samanez-Larkin, and Hertwig (2011) systematically reviewed the available literature using a meta-analytic approach, but did not include tests of homogeneity or subsequent moderator variable analyses. The current review serves to extend the previous analysis to include such tests as well as update the pool of studies available for analysis. Results for both positively and negatively framed conditions were reviewed using 2 meta-analyses encompassing data collected from 3,232 subjects across 18 studies. Deviating from the previous results, the current analysis found a tendency for younger adults to choose the risky option more often than older adults for positively framed items. Moderator variable analyses found this effect likely to be driven by the specific decision scenario, showing a significant effect, with younger adults choosing the risky option more often in small-amount financial and large-amount mortality-based scenarios. For negatively framed items, the current review found no overall age difference in risky decision making, confirming the results from the prior meta-analysis. Moderator variable analyses conducted to address heterogeneity found younger adults to be more likely than older adults to choose the risky option for negatively framed high-amount mortality-based decision scenarios. Practical implications for older adults are discussed.
机译：事实表明，以潜在收益与损失为依据的决策场景框架会影响有保证和有风险的选择之间的选择偏好。已知与衰老相关的规范性认知变化会影响决策，这导致了许多研究调查了衰老对取景效果的影响。 Mata，Josef，Samanez-Larkin和Hertwig（2011）使用荟萃分析方法系统地回顾了现有文献，但未包括均一性检验或随后的主持人变量分析。当前的审查用于扩展以前的分析以包括此类测试，并更新可用于分析的研究库。使用2项荟萃分析对阳性和阴性框架条件的结果进行了回顾，其中包括从18项研究中的3232名受试者中收集的数据。与以前的结果不同，当前的分析发现，对于正面构图的项目，年轻人倾向于选择风险较高的选项，而不是成年人。主持人变量分析发现，这种影响很可能是由特定的决策场景所驱动的，显示出显着的效果，在基于小额财务和大量基于死亡率的场景中，年轻人更常选择风险选项。对于框架否定的项目，本次审查未发现风险决策中的总体年龄差异，从而确认了先前的荟萃分析的结果。为解决异质性而进行的主持人变量分析发现，与成年人相比，年轻人更容易为基于负面死亡率的高死亡率决策方案选择风险选项。讨论了对老年人的实际意义。

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